Preoperatively and postoperatively, short-term as well as long-term, the lens capsule has become a structure of critical importance for the success of cataract surgery. This report reviews the pertinent literature during the last 2 years on capsular surgery, capsule-related complications, and secondary capsular opacification, including its treatment and prevention. Although the surgical aspects appear to be satisfactorily solved, at least concerning current options for cataract surgery, secondary capsular opacification remains to be one, if not the most important complication of normal cataract surgery. The solution to this complication awaits a major breakthrough.