ANNUAL REPORTSON THEPROGRESS O F CHEMISTRYANNUAL REPORTSH. BASSETT, D.Sc., Ph.D., D.-ds-Sc.E. J. BOWEN, M.A.B. A. ELLIS, M.A.E. H. FARMER, D.Sc.J. J. Fox, O.B.E., D.Sc.A. F. HALLIMOND, M.A.C. N. HINSHELWOOD, M.A., F.R.S.H. KIXG, D.Sc.ON THEG. A. R. KON, M.A., D.Sc.A. G. POLLARD, B.Sc., A.I.C.J. PRYDE, M.Sc.A. S. RUSSELL, M.C., M.A., D.Sc.N. V. SIDQWICYK, O.B.E., M.A., Sc.D.,F.R.S.J. H. WOLFENDEN, M.A.H. w. THObWSON, M.A., Ph.l).PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRYF O R 1932.ISSUED BY THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY.Carnmittee afChairman: J. C. P m ~ mH. E. ARMSTRONG, LL.D., F.R.S.G. 11. BENNETT, M.A., Ph.D.H. V. A. BRISCOE, D.Sc.H. >I. DAWSON, D.Sc., Ph.D.F. G. DONNAN, C.B.E., LL.D., F.R.S.H. W. DUDLEY, O.B.E., Ph.D., P.R.S.F. P. DUNN, B.Sc., F.I.C.A.C. G. EQERTON, M.A., F.R.S.J. J. Fox, O.B.E., D.Sc.W. E. GARNER, D.Sc., A.I.C.C. S. GIBSON, O.B.E., M.A., F.R.S.W. N. HAWORTH, D.Sc., F.R.S.I. 31. HEILBRON, D.S.O., D.Sc., P.R.S.G. a. HENDERSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.J. T. HEWITT, D.Sc., F.R.S.C. N. HINSHELWOOD, M.A., F.R.S.@bitor :CLARENCE SMITH, DSc.riB 'f$xblicafioa :O.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.J. KENNER, D.Sc., F.R.S.J. KENYON, D.Sc.H. KING, D.Sc.T. M. Lomy, C.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.W. H. MILLS, Sc.D., F.R.S.EMILE S. MOND.T. S. MOORE, M.A., B.Sc.J. R. PARTINOTON, N.B.E., D.Sc.E. K. RIDEAL, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.R. ROBINSON, D.Sc., F.R.S.F. M. ROWE, D.Sc., F.I.C.J. L. SIMONSEN, D.Sc., F.R.S.S. SMILES, O.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.S. SUQDEN, D.Sc.J. F.THORPE, C.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.assistrrat &;bitor :A. D. MITCHELL D.Sc.VOl. XXIX.LONDON:T H E C H E M I C A L S O C I E T Y1933PRIXTRD IN QREAT BHITAW BYBUNOAY, BUFFOLK.RICHARD OLAY & SONS, LIMITEDCONTENTS.PAGEGENERAL AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. By E. J. BOWEN, M.A.,C. N. HINSHELWOOD, M.A., F.R.S., N. V. SIDQWICK, O.B.E., M.A.,Sc.D., F.R.S., H. W. THOMPSON, M.A., Ph.D., and J. H. WOLFENDEN,M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . 13INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. By H. BASSETT, D.Sc.. Ph.D., D.-6s.-Sc. . 74ORGANIC CHEMISTRY :-Part I.-ALIPHATIO DIVISION. By E. H. FARMER, D.Sc. . . . 96-Part II.-HOIOCYCLIC DIVISION. By G. A. R. KON, M.A., D.Sc. . 136-Part III.-HETEROCYCLIC DIVISION. By H. KING, D.Sc. . . . 175.ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. By J. J. Fox, O.B.E., D.Sc., and B.A.ELLIS, M.A. . . . . . . . . . . 220BIOCHEMISTRY. By A. G. POLLARD, B.Sc., A.I.C., and J. PRYDE, M.Sc. 239GEOCHEMISTRY (1931-32). By A. F. HALLIMOND, M.A. . . . 275A. S. RUSSELL, M.C., M.A., D.Sc. . . . . . . 299RADIOACTIVITY AND SUB-ATOMIC PHENOMENA (1931-32). BTABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED I N THEAbbreviated Title. FULL TITLE.REFERENCES.A . . . . . . . Abstracts in Journal of the Chemical Society (until1925) or in British Chemical Abstracts,* SectionA.Acta Phytochim. . . . Acta Phytochimicrt.Amer. J . Bot. . . . American Journal of Botany.Amer. J . Sci. . . . American Journal of Science.Amer. M in. . . . . American Mineralogist.Anal. Asoc. Quim. ArgentinaAnal. Fis. Quim. . . . Anales de la Sociedad Espanijla Fisica y Qufmica.Analyst .. . . . The Analyst.Angew. Chem. . . . 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Lincei .Anales de la Asociaci6n Qufmica Argentina.wandte Chernie).. Annales da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias.Chim. Leningrad.. . ‘ Annales et Bulletin de la Soci6tb royale des Sciences. . Arkiv for Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi.Atti (Rendiconti) della Reale Accademia Nazionaledei Lincei, classe di scienze fisiche, matematichee naturali. Roma.B. . . . . . . British Chemical Abstracts,* Section B.Ber. . . . . . Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft.Ber.deut. bot. Bes. . . Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft.Biochem. J . . . . . The Biochemical Journal.Biochem. 2. . . . . Biochemische Zeitschrift.Bol. min. SOC. nac. Min. .Bot. Caz. . . . . The Botanical Gazette.Brennstoff-Chem. . . Brennstoff -Chemie.Brit. Med. J . . . . The British Medical Journal.Bul. SOC. 8tiinte Cluj . . Buletinul SocietBtii de Stiinte din Cluj.Bull. Acad. Polonaise . . Bulletin Internationale de I’Aoadbmie Polonaise desBull. Acad. roy. Bdg. . . Academie royale de Be1gique.-Bulletin de la ClasseBull. A d . Sci. U.R.S.S. . Bulletin de l’bcadbrnie des Sciences de 1’Union desBull. Chem. Sm. Japan . Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.Bull. Comm. gkol. Finlande Bulletin de la Commission geologique de Finlande.Bull. Inst.Min. Met. . . Bulletin of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.Bull. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Bulletin of the Institute of Physical and ChemicaTokyo Research, Tokyo.Bull. Sericult. Silk Ind. Bulletin of the Sericulture and Silk Industry, Japan.Japan * The year is not iiiserted in references to 1932.Boletin minero de la Sociedad nacional de Mineria(Chile).Sciences et des Lettres.des Scieuces.Rbpubliques Sovi6tiques Socialistesviii TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE REFERENCYES.Abbreviated Title.Bull. Soc. chim. , . .Bull. Soc. chim. Belg. . .Hull. Soc. Chim. biol. . .B?i 11. Soc. chim,. Y oiigosda, v.Bull. Soc. d’Encour. .Bull. Soc. f r a y . Min.Bull. Torrey Bot. ClubBur.Stand. J . Res. .Canadian J . Res. .Cellulosechem. . .Centr. Bakt. Par. . .Centr. Mi%. . . .Ce‘ram. et Verrerie .Chem. Erde . . .Chem. and Ind. . .Chem. Listy . . .Chem. News . . .Chem. Reviews . .Chem. Rund. Mitt eleu ropnChem. Weekblad . . .Chem. Zenlr. . . .Chem.-Ztg. . . . .Chim. et Ind. . . .Chinese J . Physiol. . .Cdl. Czech. Chem. Comm. .Compt. rend. . . .Compt. rend. Acad. Agrir.Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. .BalkanFranceContr. Boyce Thompson Inst.Corndl Univ. Agric. Exp.Econ. Geol. . . . .Eng. and Min. J.. . .Ermihr. Pjlanze . . .Fortschr. Chem. Ph?jaik .Gazzefta . . . . .Qeol. Hag. . .Bes. Abhundl. Kennt. Kohle..Qiorn. Chim. ind. appl. .Glastech. Ber. . . .Hdv. Chim. Acta . . .Ind.Chem. .. . .Ind. chim. . . . .Ind. Eng. Chem. . . .Ind. Eng. Chem. (Anal.) .Indian J . Physics . .J . . . . . . .J . Agric. Chem. SOC. JapanJ . Agric. Res. . . .Sta. Hem.FULL TITLE.Bulletin de la SociBtB chimique de France.Bulletin de la SocibtQ chimique de Belgique.Bulletin de la Sociktt? de Chimie biologique.Bulletin de la SociQtQ chimique du Royaume deBulletin de la SociBtB d’Encouragement pour 1’In-Bulletin de la SociBtQ frangaise de Mineralogie.Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.Bureau of Standards Journal of Research.Canadian Journal of Research.Ccllulosechemie. Zeitschrift fiir Geriist-, Inkrusta-tions- und andere Begleitstoff e der Cellulose.See Zentr. Bakt. Par. (spelling changed in 1929).Centralblatt f i r Mineralogie, Geologie, und Palaon-tologie.CBramique et Verrerie.Chemie der Erde.Chemistry and Industry.Chemickb Listy pro V6du a Prbmysl. Organ de la“Cesk6 chemick& SpoleEnost pro VBdu aPrfimysl.’ ’Chemical News.Chemical Reviews.Chemische Rundschau fur Mitteleuropa und denChemisch Weekblad.Chemisches Zentralblatt.Chemiker-Zeitung.Chimie et Industrie.Chinese Journal of Physiology.Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications.Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des SBances de1’AcadBmie des Sciences.Comptes rendus des Seances de l’Acad8mie d’Agri-culture de France.Comptes rendus hebdomadaires de SQances de laSocihtQ de Biology.Contributions from Boyce Thompson Institute.Cornell University Agricult,ural Experiment StationMemoirs.Economic Geology.Engineering and Mining Journal.Die Ernahrung der Pflanze.Fortschritte der Chemie, Physik und physikalischenGazzetta chimica italiana.The Geological Magazine.Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Kenntnis der Kohle.Giornale di Chimica industriale et applicata.Glastechnische Berichte.Helveticti Chimica Acta.The Industrial Chemist and Chemical Manufacturer.L’Industrie chimica, mineraria e metallurgica.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry : AnalyticaIndian Journal of Physics.Journal of the Chemical Society.Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of!ownal of Agricultural Research.Yougoslavie.dustrie nationale.Balkan.Chemie.Edition.JapanTABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE BEEERENCES.ixAbbrezdated Title.J . Agric. Sci. . . .J . Amer. Ceramic Soe. .J . Amer. Chem. Soc. . .J . Amer. Phamn. Assoc. .J . Amer. SOC. Agron. . .J . Appl. Chem. Russia .J . Biol. Chem. . .J . Chem. Met. Min. S.J . Chim. physique . .J . Counc. Sci. Ind. Res.J . Dept. Agric. Kyushu .J . Exp. Med. . . .J . Fac. Agric. Hokkaido .J . Franklin Inst. .J . Gen. Chem. (U.S.S.R.) 1AfricaAustraliaJ . Ind. Eng. Chem. . .J . Indian Chem. Soc. . .J.Iwt.dletals . . .J . Inst. Petrol. Tech. . .J. Iron Steel Inst. . .J . dlarine Biol. Assoc. .J . Path. Bat. . . .J . Pharm. 8oc. Japan .J . Physical Chem. . .J . Physid. . . . .J . Pomology . . . .J . pr. Chem. . . . .J . Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. .J . Roy.Soc. W. Australia .J . Russ. Phys. Chem. SOC. .J . Soc. Chem. Ind. . .J . Soc. Chem. Ind. Japan .J . SOC. G h s Tech. . .J . Tokyo Chem. doc. . .J . Wash. A d . Sci. . .Jahrb. Min. . . . .Jahrb. Min., Be&-Bd. .Jahrb. t&s. Bot. . . .Jap. J. Qed. Qeog. . .Japanese J . Physics . .Jap. Med. Lit. . . .I<. Bvenska VetenakapsKeram. i Steklo . . .Lancet . . . . .Latvij. Univ. Raksti . .Akad. H a d .FULL TITLE.The Journal of Agricultural Science.Journal of the American Ceramic Society.Journal of the American Chemical Society.Journal of the American Pharmaceutiwl Association.Journal of the American Society of Agronomy.Zhurnal prikladnoi Chimii.Journal of Biological Chemistry.Journal of the Chemical, Metallurgical and MiningSociety of South Africa.Journal de Chimie physique.Journal of the Council for Scientifk and IndustrialResearch (Australia).Journal of the Department of Agriculture, KyushuImperial University.Journal of Experimental Medicine.Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, HokkaidoImperial University.Journal of the Franklin Institute.Journal of General Chemistry (U.S.S.R.) (formerlychemical part of the Journal of the Physical andChemical Society of Russia).Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry(now Industrial and Engineering Chemistry).Quarterly Journal of the Indian Chemioal Society.Journal of the Institute of Metals.Journal of the Institute of Petroleum Technologists.Journal of the lron and Steel Institute.Journal of the Marine Biological Assocktion of theUnited Kingdom.Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology.Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan(Yakugakuzasshi).The Journal of Physical Chemistry.The Journal of Physiology.The Journal of Pomology and Horticultural Science.Journal fiir praktische Chemie.Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of NewJournal of the Royal Society of West AustraliazJournal of the Physical and Chemical Society ofRussia (now Journal of General Chemistry,U.S.S.R.).Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry.Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, Japan(K6gy6 Kwagaku Zasshi).Journal of the Society of Glass Technology.Journal of the Tokyo Chemical Society (now Journalof the Chemical Society of Japan).Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie undPalaontologie.Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie undPaljiontologie, Beilage-Band.Jahrbucher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik.Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography.Japanese Journal of Physics.Japanese Medical Literature (discontinued in 1921).Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Hand-lingar.Keramika i Steklo (Ceramics and Glass).The Lancet.Latvijas UniversitMes Raksti.South Wales.A X TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN TnE REBEBENCES.Abbreviated Title.Mem.Coll. Sci. Kyoto .Mem. R. Accad. d’ltalia .Dlem. h’t~ojun Coll. Lng. .Met. ital. . . . .JlPtall I ( . Erz . . .Illilcrochem. . . . .Min. Jlag. . . . .Missouri Agric.Exp. Sta.Monatsh. . . . . Res. Bull.Mysore Univ. J . . . .N . 2. J . Sci. Tech. . .N w h . Ces. Wiss. Gdttingen.Naturwiss. . . . .Natuurwetensch. Tijds. .Nebraska Agric. Expt. Sta.New Jersey Agric. Expt.Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull.PJlanzenbau . . . .Pharrn. J . . . .~hxzmn. Wee&& . .Phurrn. Zentr. . . .Pharm. Ztg. . . . .Phil. Mag. . . . .Phil. Trans. . . . .Physical Rev. . . .Physikal. 2. . . . .Planta . . . . .Bull.Sta. Bull.Plan$ Physiol. . . .Praktika . . . .Proc. Amer. SOC. Hort. Sci.Proc. Austral. Inst. Bin.Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. .Proc. I m p . Acad. Tokyo .Proc. I I I Int. Conf. Bit.Proc. K . Akad. Wetensch.Proc. Nut. Acad. Sci. . .Proc. Physical SOC. . .Proc. Roy. SOC. .. .Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. . .Proc. SOC. Exp. Biol. Ned.Protoplasm . . . .Proc. World Eag. Congr.Quart. J . Qeol. SOC. . .Quart. J . Pharm.. . .Met.CodAmsterdamTokyoFULL TITLE.Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto ImperialUniversity.Memorie della reale Accademia d’Ttalia..Memoirs of the Ryojun College of Engineering.Metallurgia Italiana.filetall und Erz.Mikrochemie.Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Minera-Missouri Anricultural ExDeriment Station Researchlogical Society.Bullet&.Monatshefte fur Chemie und verwandte Theileanderer Wissenschaften.The Half-yearly ,Journal of the Mysore University.New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology.Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der WissenschaftenDie Naturwissenschaften.Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift.Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin.New Jersey Agricultural Experiment StationOhio Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletins.Wissenschaftliches Archiv fur Landwirtschaft.Ab-teilung A. Pflanzenbau.Pharmaceutical Journal.Pharmaceutisch Weekblad.Pharmazeutische Zentralhalle.Pharmazeutische Zeitung.Philosophical Magazine (The London, Edinburgh andDublin).Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ofLondon.Physical Review.Physikalische Zeitschrift.Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaf tliche Biologie. AbteilungE. Planta. Archivfiir wissenschaftliche Uotanik.Plant Physiology.Praktika (Akademia Athenon).Proceedings of the American Society of HorticulturalScience.Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Miningand Metallurgy.Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan.Proceedings of the International Conference onKoninklij ke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Am-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Proceedings of the Physical Society of London.Proceedings of the Royal Society.Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.Proceedings of tho Society for Experimental BiologyInternationale Zeitschrift fiir physikalische ChemieProceedings of the World Engineering Congress,The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society.Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.zu Gottingen.Bulletin.Bituminous Coal : 3rd Conference.sterdam.and Medicine.des Protoplasten.Tokyo, JapanTABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE REFERENCES.xiI Abbreviated Title.Rec. 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Chem. . .Z . physiol. Chem. . .2. Unlers. Lebensm. . .8. Vitaminforsch. . .Zentr. Bakt. 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