Because of recently acquired resistance of armyworm in Cyprus to prophyllactic spraying of methylparathion, a full investigation into the biology ofSpodoptera littoraliswas launched. It is not yet clear whether immigration to the Island occurs, but some moths can overwinter in “survival pockets” on the South coast. Pheromone traps and sterilisation are suggested as an alternative method of control. A more rational use of pesticides will cause less damage to natural enemies of the pest and reduce further development of resistance.