ObjectiveTo evaluate acetowhite changes of the cervix and vulva as a predictor of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.MethodsIn this population-based study all women aged 19, 21, 23, and 25 years and registered as living in a primary health care area within the city of Umeå, Sweden were eligible for inclusion. Each participant underwent a gynecologic examination with sampling of epithelial cells for HPV-DNA detection and Papanicolaou smear. Colposcopy was performed 5 minutes after application of 5% acetic acid. A two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed for HPV-DNA detection.ResultsColposcopy and sampling of epithelial cells could be performed in 535 women. The sensitivity of detection of HPV infection by the acetowhitening of the cervix was 22% (95% confidence interval [CII 18%, 26%). The specificity of detection of HPV infection by the acetowhitening of the cervix was 90% (95% CI 87%, 93%). The sensitivity of detection of HPV infection by cytology was 73% (95% CI 10%, 16%), and the specificity was 99% (95% CI 98%, 100%). The combination of acetowhitening and cytology did not improve the diagnostic value.ConclusionAcetowhitening of the cervix and vulva has low sensitivity as a predictor of HPV infections as determined by PCR.