Diagnosis and Treatment of Community‐Acquired and Hospital‐Acquired Pneumonia
作者:
Malcolm T. Foster,
期刊:
Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
(WILEY Available online 1993)
卷期:
Volume 13,
issue 2P2
页码: 45-50
ISSN:0277-0008
年代: 1993
DOI:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1993.tb02716.x
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
The older drugs used to treat pneumonia may still be useful in self‐limiting infections. Newer antibiotics—augmented penicillins, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, third‐generation cephalosporins, and others—are quite effective, but resistance can be a problem, and some patients cannot tolerate the adverse events associated with these agents. The fluoroquinolones are effective in treating pneumonia because of their broad spectra of activity against gram‐negative and gram‐positive organisms, includingStreptococcus pneumoniaeandHaemophilus influenzae.They are rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration; bioavailability ranges up to 100% for ofloxacin and lomefloxacin. Concentrations attained in lung tissues and sputum generally exceed the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the most common respiratory tract pathogens. The quinolones are also well tolerated; most adverse events are mild and do not lead to discontinuation of therapy. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are available in parenteral as well as oral formulations. The high bioavailability of oral ofloxacin (>95%) allows a patient to be started on the parenteral form in the hospital and continued taking the oral form at home with no loss of efficacy, but with reduced costs and improved qu
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