The use of vancomycin as a chiral selector was introduced by D. W. Armstrong. This macrocyclic antibiotic was used either free in solution for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) or covalently bonded to silica gel in the case of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Its possible use in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) or centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is also of interest since these techniques have preparative capabilities which make them attractive for multi-gram scale production of enantiomers.