Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was induced in female Lewis rats with bovine retinal soluble antigen (S-antigen). Tissue changes and immunoreactivities of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and extracellular matrix compounds in the anterior segment (ciliary body) were investigated by immunocytochemical methods. Control animals received adjuvant only. The immunized animals were sacrificed at day 0, 3, 7, 14, 20, and 30 postimmunization. Tissue changes that occurred at the peak of inflammation (day 14) included destruction of the inner basement membrane, epithelial cell loss, distortion of the ciliary stroma, and loss of epithelial basal infoldings. Ciliary body architecture was regenerated almost completely by day 30. Basement membrane laminin and collagen type IV levels did not change much during the inflammatory process. Fibronectin labeling level peaked at day 14 postimmunization. Collagen type V level was low at day 14 and elevated at day 20 and day 30. TGF-βimmunoreactivity peaked at day 14 and remained elevated thereafter. EGF labeling did not increase until day 20 and was maximal at day 30. Labeling of both growth factors was principally confinded to the stromal regions. The presence of TGF-βand EGF in the ciliary stroma at well defined intervals suggests a coordinated effect upon the synthesis and reorganization of the extracellular matrix and possibly upon the inflammatory cell population in the anterior tissue.