Opiate reinforcement processes: re‐assembling multiple mechanisms
作者:
MICHAEL A. BOZARTH,
期刊:
Addiction
(WILEY Available online 1994)
卷期:
Volume 89,
issue 11
页码: 1425-1434
ISSN:0965-2140
年代: 1994
DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03739.x
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
AbstractOpiate reinforcement processes can be described within the context of operant conditioning theory. Both positive and negative reinforcing effects may motivate drug‐taking behavior, although the strongest evidence attributes drug‐taking to a simple positive reinforcement process. Empirical research has focused largely on a positive reinforcement mechanism involving the ventral tegmental dopamine system, but three additional reinforcement mechanisms can be argued on logical grounds. These other mechanisms involve neuroadaptive changes produced by chronic opiate administration and may contribute to the strong motivational impact of opiates following long‐term dru
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