ABSTRACTTwo cases of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after otologic and neurotologic surgery involving an approach through the temporal fossa are reported. The etiology is believed to be that of fibrous contracture within the temporalis muscle, which is incised during the procedure. If the possibility of this rare complication is anticipated, the immediate instigation of prophylactic jaw exercises and forced opening with tongue depressors can significantly limit morbidity. If the condition is allowed to become established, then surgical correction by coronoidectomy may be necessary.