This article outlines the complications of shoulder arthroscopy and discusses methods to minimize the risks of this procedure. It encompasses complications inherent in arthroscopy in general, including damage to the articular surface, infection, and burns, as well as complications specific to the shoulder, including direct injury to neurovascular structures, portal selection, nerve strain, and saline extravasation. Special consideration is given to arthroscopy of the subacromial bursa and also to complications related to capsular stapling.