Verbal memory and learning patterns, as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), following penetrating head injury (PHI) from gunshot wounds were studied in 10 acutely injured patients (mean age 25-3 years) at a mean of 21 months post-injury. Primary impairment was found on measures of free recall of new verbal information which appeared to be related to deficits in organisational and retrieval functions: (1) the group's learning characteristics were marked by disorganization and an underutilization of active learning strategies; (2) rate of acquisition also appeared to be mildly decreased; (3) nevertheless, the PHI group did not show severe disruption in all aspects of learning and memory. In fact, the group showed a relatively intact capacity to store new information in memory.