DAY-OLD chicks were trained on one-trial passive avoidance task, using methyl-anthranilate (MeA) as an aversive substance. Bilateral pharmacological manipulation of the intermediate hyperstriatum ventrale was performed by intracerebral application of an α2-noradrenergic agonist, clonidine (5 μM), or an antagonist, rauwolscine (300 μM). Only rauwolscine application (pre- or post-training) induced significant memory impairment. Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to determine the kinetic properties of the binding sites for [3H]clonidine or [3H]rauwolscine in MeA-trained or water-trained (control) chicks, in forebrain areas known to be involved in avoidance learning. Scatchard analysis revealed that MeA-training resulted in a significant bilateral upregulation in the number of [3H]rauwolscine binding sites (Bmax) in the area of hyperstriatum ventrale. These findings suggest the importance of activation of α2-noradrenergic receptors in aversive learning in chicks.