Controlled infestation with eggs of western corn rootworms,Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte, was used in a 2-yr study on the effects of wheel traffic-induced soil compaction on corn rootworm establishment, survival, and larval injury to the roots of maize,Zea maysL. Root injury ratings and cumulative emergence of adults of western corn rootworms, as taken from emergence cages, were lowest in plots where eggs had been infested into compacted interrows. Measurements of soil bulk density, air-filled porosity, and air permeability were taken on core samples to characterize soil physical properties in relation to soil compaction. Lowest rootworm survival and injury coincided with higher bulk density, lower air-filled porosity, and lower air permeability values characteristic of soil from the compacted interrow plots. Survival and establishment of western corn rootworm larvae were associated with greater soil pore continuity in uncompacted plots. Soil compaction induced by controlled wheel traffic may have potential as a management strategy for reducing larval corn rootworm movement into strip intercropped maize adjacent to areas previously planted to maize and rotated into a crop that is not a host for corn rootworms.