Affective and psychotic disorders may occur after traumatic brain injury. These symptoms may arise from the direct effect of the trauma on the brain, from the side effects or withdrawal from drugs and medications, and from the emotional reaction to the event. Patients with TBI are especially sensitive to the side effects of drugs that act on the central nervous system. When appropriate guidelines are followed, psychopharmacological intervention alleviates these symptoms, enhances rehabilitation, and avoids impairment of arousal and attention.