Child health and illness are best conceptualized in terms of the interaction of biological, psychological, and social processes. Among the central factors in biopsychosocial models of health and illness are processes of coping and attention in response to stress. As a guide to research on biopsychosocial processes in child health and illness, a dual-process model of responses to stress is described, distinguishing between stress responses that are involuntary/automatic and those responses that are voluntary/controlled. Research on coping with stress is briefly reviewed, along with research on attentional processes in response to stress. The relationships between coping and attention are highlighted, along with the implications of this research for understanding children's health and illness. Throughout the article, examples are drawn from research on pediatric recurrent abdominal pain to illustrate important aspects of coping and attention.