BackgroundThe epidemiology ofHelicobacter pylori(Hp) still constitutes a relevant subject of investigation.GoalsThe goal of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of Hp antibodies in medical students and residents, and its relationship with medical practice, age, gender and parents' formal education level.StudyThe study was carried out from March 1999 to March 2000, on a population of 1,119 medical students and residents, from which a randomized and stratified sample was drawn. Each stratum comprised students attending the basic training level, students attending the professional training level, and residents. Independent samples were calculated for each group, making a total of 405 subjects. Each participant was interviewed using a questionnaire. After the interview, serum samples were collected and stored at −20°C for detecting IgG antibodies against Hp by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA 31.4% seroprevalence rate of Hp antibodies was observed, which significantly increased during the graduation course according to the medical practices, ranging from 23.4% in students up to 38.6% in residents. Seroprevalence rate increased according to the age (p= 0.002), where older individuals had spent more time in practical activities. Seroprevalence was higher in males and was smaller among those whose parents had a university degree.ConclusionThe seroprevalence rate of Hp antibodies amongst medical students and residents increases from the basic up to residence level, suggesting that contact with patients during clinical practice may constitute a risk factor for acquiring Hp infection.