Summary:The surgical treatment of peripheral nerve entrapment is an area of interest to nearly all practicing neurosurgeons. What follows is a review of the more common upper- and lower-extremity entrapment neuropathies encountered. Discussion of each entrapment neuropathy begins with a review of the pertinent surgical anatomy, followed by a discussion of the clinical presentation and diagnosis. Treatment, beginning with the most effective nonsurgical methods is discussed, followed by the recommended surgical approach. Where appropriate, the expected outcome of surgical intervention is quantified. This review is designed to serve as a guide to the reader in the treatment of patients in his daily neurosurgical practice.