SUMMARYPrevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis is now possible with current therapy, if initiated soon after the menopause and continued for at least 10 years. Simple ways of detecting those at risk of subsequent osteoporosis are urgently needed. This study investigated the hypothesis that certain serum sex hormones could predict bone mineral content (BMC) as measured by dual photon densitometry, soon after the menopause. The subjects included 136 healthy white females within 30 months of their last menstrual period with a mean age of 52 years. Of the sex hormones, the adrenal androgen dehydroeplan‐drosterone sulphate (DHEAS) correlated best with spinal BMC, a relationship which was significant using multiple regression (P = 0.02), although the correlation was weak (r =+0.19). A direct physiological role for DHEAS has yet to be found, despite being present in large quantities in serum, although it may act as a marker for other processes. No association was seen between testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, oestrone and oestrone sulphate and spinal BMC. No significant correlations with any hormones were seen with femoral BMC. The data suggest that serum sex hormones are not useful markers of current bone mineral status soon after the menopause, although further work is needed to explore the relationship with DHE