Antifungal therapy is necessary for the treatment of several potentially fatal conditions, such as invasive aspergillosis and febrile neutropenia. Antifungal agents have a considerably higher acquisition cost than most other antibacterial drugs, and are often used for prolonged periods, adding to their significant costs. Consequently, analyses comparing the cost and efficacy of various antifungal agents, and the economic implications of formulary additions and changes, are of great interest to healthcare payers. Several studies examining these issues were presented at the 43rd Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) [Chicago, US; September 2003].