Sucralfate has been described as a cytoprotective agent and successfully used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, mucositis, and various types of mucosal ulcerations. In a double-blind randomized study, 35 patients with Behqet's disease having oral aphthous ulcerations were treated with topical sucralfate application or placebo. Oral aphthous ulcers were evaluated according to their number, duration, size and painfulness throughout a 12-week period. No statistically significant difference was found between the periods with and without sucralfate or placebo treatment. In conclusion, sucralfate was found to have no therapeutic or preventive effect on major or minor oral aphthous ulcers seen in patients with Behqet's disease.