This article describes the construction of the Profile of Functional Impairment in Communicaton (PFIC), a scale designed for the assessment of communication impairments following traumatic brain injury. The measure comprises 10 feature summary scales, assessing severity of impairment, and 84 specific behaviour items, assessing the frequency of specific communication impairments. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, videotaped dyadic social interactions of 20 patients with traumatic brain injury were rated by eight trained raters. The feature summary scales were found to have acceptable inter-rater reliabilities, and high concurrent validity and internal consistency. Four case descriptions are presented to illustrate the clinical application of the PFIC. It is concluded that the PFIC is a useful measure for the identification of specific communication impairments in clinical practice.