Induction of an acute phase response causes changes in the levels of specific plasma proteins. Fibrinogen is elevated to approximately twice its normal concentration by trauma, inflammation, or infection. In this study, an acute phase response was induced by subcutaneous turpentine injection in rats. Twenty-four hours later, an arterial model of thrombosis was created bilaterally in the femoral arteries. Patency at 1 and 7 days postoperatively was 24% (9/38) in comparison to 56% (20/36) in control (saline-injected) rats undergoing the same thrombosis model. Fibrinogen levels were elevated in the turpentine group to 5.3 ± 0.8 mg/ml at the time of the surgery and 7.2 ± 0.3 mg/ml 24 hours after surgery. In contrast, the control group had plasma fibrinogen levels of 2.5 ± 0.2 mg/ml at the time of surgery and 5.4 ± 0.5 mg/ml 24 hours postoperatively. These findings suggest that when an acute phase reaction has been induced several hours prior to a microvascular procedure, there may be an increased risk for development of arterial thrombosis.Jones R, Braam MJ, Cooley BC. Arterial thrombosis enhanced by an acute phase response. Ann Plast Surg 1996;36:14-17