AbstractInduction of heat‐shock protein (HSP) synthesis is demonstrated in cultured calf‐chondrocytes at temperatures shown to occur in normal human cartilage during experiments subjecting intact cadaverous hip joints to the parameters of level walking. A 70,000 MW heat‐shock protein (HSP‐70) is synthesized by chondrocytes at temperatures above 39°C, while induction of synthesis of a 110,000 MW HSP only occurs at temperatures of 45°C or greater. These differences in critical temperatures for induction, and data showing differences in kinetics of induction and repression of synthesis, suggest that there are differences in the mechanism of induction of the two HSPs. The duration of HSP synthesis and inhibition of synthesis of normal cellular proteins is directly proportional to the duration and magnitude of the temperature rise. Possible relationships between these new findings and the initiation and progression of degenerative joint disease are