ObjectiveTo evaluate the systemic and therapeutic effect of topical testosterone treatment in vulvar lichen sclerosus.MethodsThis prospective clinical, single-arm study in cluded ten postmenopausal women with vulvar lichen sclerosus. Testosterone propionate (0.04 g daily) was administered topically for 4 weeks. Serum androgens (testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) were determined before and after 4 weeksof treatment, and vulvodynia was evaluated by a horizontal visual analogue scale.ResultsSerum levels of total testosterone increased in all patients (P< .01) and exceeded normal range in eight of ten women. Vulvodynia improved in nine of ten patients (pairedttest:P< .01). Four of ten patients showed clinical signs of hyperandrogenism (enlargement of the clitoris, alterations of the voice, increase in libido) after 4 weeks of treatment. The only patient without subjective improvement had elevated basal serum androgen levels and showed clinical signs of hyperandrogenism before therapy.ConclusionTopical testosterone is effective in normoandrogenic women with lichen sclerosus. Androgen status should be evaluated before treatment, and dosage should be individualized to avoid virilization and metabolic side effects. Because there is a marked systemic effect, clinical controls and a follow-up with evaluation of serum testosterone levels are recommended. Other steroids should be included in therapeutic decisions.