Connection between conserved quantities and degeneracies in quantum systems
作者:
S. Fallieros,
E. Hadjimichael,
期刊:
American Journal of Physics
(AIP Available online 1995)
卷期:
Volume 63,
issue 11
页码: 1017-1020
ISSN:0002-9505
年代: 1995
DOI:10.1119/1.18048
出版商: American Association of Physics Teachers
关键词: CONSERVATION LAWS;INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES;ENERGY LEVELS;QUANTUM OPERATORS;HAMILTONIANS;HYDROGEN;SYMMETRY GROUPS;EIGENVALUES;EIGENSTATES
数据来源: AIP
摘要:
In the framework of quantum theory, we present one theorem and three corollaries regarding the direct connection between constants of motion of a physical system and degeneracies of its energy eigenvalues. It is shown that this connection emerges when there exist quantum operators which commute with the Hamiltonian, but not with each other. Further it is shown that if the commutator of these operators is a nonvanishing constant number then (a) all the eigenvalues of the system are degenerate, and (b) the degree of degeneracy is infinite. A number of examples are discussed including the parity degeneracy of the hydrogen atom and the infinite degeneracy of the Landau levels of a charged particle in a constant magnetic field.
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