NINERALOQlCAL CHI!NISTRY. 53 M in e r a 1 o g i c a 1 C h em i s t r y. Vanadiniferous Coal. By A. MOURLOT (Compt. rend., 117, 546- 548).-This coal is analogous to that recently described by Kyle from the province of Mendozza, in the Argentine Republic. Its sp. gr. is only 1.15-1.20. It contains ash, 0.63 ; H, 4.73; N, 1.67 ; C , 85.03. The composition of the ash is-Ptzrt soluble in acids: V20a, 33.5; SO3, 12.1 ; Pz05, 0% ; Fe203, 4.1 ; A1203, 4 0 ; CaO, 8-44 ; K20, 1.8. Part insoluble in acids : Si02, 136 ; A120y, 5.5 ; Fe203, 9.4 ; MgO, 0.9. The percentage of vanadic anhydride in the original coal is 0.24. C. H. B. Nesquehonite. By C. FRIEDEL (Zeit. Kryst. Min., 22, 279 ; from Bull. SUC. Iran. min., 14, 60).-1n the anthracite mines at Mure, i n IsBre, there occurs a fibrous mineral resembling aragonite, which, on exposure to air, become& of a silky lustie, and has the composit'on MgCO, + 3H1,0.Analysis yielded MgO. HSO. co,. 28-91 38.85 31-83 VOL. LXBI. ii. 654 ABSTRAOTS OF OEEMICIAL PAPERS. Thn mineral has a prismatic cleavage of about 115" parallel to the fibres. It is identical with the nesyuehonite of Genth and Penfield. B. H. B. Xenotime from North Carolina. By W. E. HIDDEN ( A ~ w . ,T. ,Ski., [S], 46,25$-%7).-A few small crystals of transparent xcnotime have been found with monazite a t a locality about 1 mile south-east of Sulphur Springs, Alexander Co., North Carolina. The measure- ments of these new crystals do riot vary essentially from those of vom Rath and Klein, Green xenotime occurs as A. rare constituent of the atnriferous gravels of the Brindletown gold region of Burke Co., North Carolina.It has not as yet been found in situ. Within brown, opaque crystals, the new green variety was found, It appears to represent the original condition, whilst the brown variety is an alteration product. The new material is of a bottle-green colour and transparent, and when finely pulverised is soluble in hot hydrochloric acid. The author gives the results of analyses of both the green and the brown variety. It seems probable that xenotime is either a silico-phosphate, like some monazite apd anerlite, or it is often mechanically mixed with some cyrtolite and other silicates of the rare earths. B. H. B. A very complex mixtore is shown. Nephrite from British Columbia. By B. J.HARRINGTON (Zsit. Kryst. Min., 22, 310-311 ; from Trams. R. SOC. Canada, 1890, 61). --The author communicates the following analyses of nephrite. SiO?. Al20,. FeO. MnO. CaO. MgO. Loss. Total. I. 55.32 2-42 5.35 0-52 14.00 20.16 2.16 99.93 111. 56-54 0.40 3-61 0.16 13.64 2277 2.92 100.04 IV. 56.56 0.51 3.81 0.53 13.29 22-41 2.91 100.42 I. Rounded mass from an Indian tomb at Lytton, on the Fraser River. Coloiir, olive-green. Hardness over 6, and very tough. Sp. gr., 3.0278. 11. Fragment of an &xe from the same locality. Colour, greyish-green. Sp. gr., 3.003. ITI. A worked fragment of pale green colour from the vicinity of Lytton. It shows small laminae of tremolite. Sp. gr., 3.01. IV. Small fragment from the Lewes River, near the frontier of Alaska. Colour! greyish-green.Sp. g:, 3.007. The author shows that the composition of these nephrites is the same as that of specimen8 from other parts of the world. Jadeite has not yet been found in British Columbia. Talc from Madagascar. By E. JANNETTAZ (Zeit. ICryst. Min., 22, 279 ; from Bull. SOC. fran. w i n , . , 14, 67.).-A fibrous, pale green mass with pearly lustre from Arnbohimanga-At3im0, in Madagwcar, proved to be talc. It is probably a pseudomorph. H,O. SiO,. FeO. MgO. 5.1 62.3 2.6 29.4 Ir. 56.98 0.18 4-59 0.17 12.99 22.38 2.64 99-93 B. H. B. Analysis yielded There have also been found in Madagascar prismatic crystals ofitfINERALOGIOAL OHEMISTRT. 55 sapphire and zircon, pink tourmaline, and rubellite in nine-sided prisms with rhoin bohedral termination. Topaz in the Fichtelgebirge.By K. OEEBEKE (Zeit. K?-?/st. Min., 22, 273-275).-Small,. yellowish crystals of topaz were dis- covered in 1879 by v. Gumbel in the granite of Rudolphstein. The author describes two new occurrences of topaz at the Epprechtstein and the Gregnitzgrund, in the Fichtelgebirge, which snpport v. Gum- bel’s view that topaz would probably be found i n other granites in that district. B. H. B. B. H. B. Canadian Spessartine. By B. J. HARRISGTON (Z&t. Erpt. it!h., 22, 309 ; ‘from Canadian Rec. Sci.).-Garnet occurs in felspar and mica at the Villencuve Mica Minu at Villeneuve, Quebec. The mine has been opened on a vein of coarse-grained granite consisting of quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, albite, and small quantities of tourmaline and garnet. Uraniiiite and monazite are also met with. The garnet examined was derived from the mica.The largest crys- tal had a diameter of ahout, 10 mm., and was bright red. Its sp. gr. is 4.117, and analysis sbows it to be a manganese galnet sirniiar in composition to the original spessartine, By J. P. O’REILLY (Zeit. Kyyst. Mist., 22, 300; from Proc. R. Irish Acad., 1891, 446).-Vesuvian wasfoiind a s a honey-yellow, lamellar substance in a manganiferous iron ore from the Cambrian strata in Calliagh, Monaghan Co. Analysis gave the following results. B. H. B. Vesuvian in Ireland. Si02. &,OR. CaO. Fe203. MnO. CuO. N%O. Loss. 40.06 16.03 37.46 4-23 1.16 0.21 1.00 2.07 B. H. R. Chemical Nature of Axinite. By H. RHEINECK (Zeit. Kryst. Mi))., 22, 275-277).-Rammelsberg’s investigations led to the formula Al,Si,BM,HO,, for axinite.This, however, is shown by the author to be not in accord with the results of analyses recently pub- lished by Whitefield, Genth, and Baumert. Calculations are given showing the composition of axinite from Oisans, Cornwall, Frail klin in New Jersey, Gusdalcazar in Mexico, and Radauthal in the Harte. Minerals from the Manganese Mines of St. Marcel, Italy. By.S. L. PENFIELD (Amer. J. Sci., ;3], 46, 288--295).--AZurgite.-~n 1865, Breithaupt described, under this name, a deep red mica from St. Marcel, in Piedmont, Italy. Since then it has neyer been in- vestigated. Further examination, however, shows that it is a distinct species. The crystallisation is nionoclinic, and the structure micaceous. The colour is a characteristic, deep, brownish copper-red.The hardness is 3, and the sp. gr. 2.84. Si02. A1203. Fe,OR. ‘Mn20,. MnO. MgO. K20. N+O. HzO. Total. 53-28 21.19 1.22 0.87 0.18 6-02 11.20 0.34 3-75 99-99 Tt is more closely related to lepidolite than to any of the others. B. H. B. Analysis yielded Chemically, this mica is distinct from any known species. 6-256 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Judeite.-The alurgite is embedded in a pyroxene rich in soda, resembling in structure a rather coarsely crystallised jadeite, mid agreeing i n composition with a jadeite from Mexico, analysed by Damour (Abstr., 1883, 1066). Violan.-This name was given, in 1833, by Breithaupt to a rare blue mineral found at Piedmont. Published analyses of this miuerai show considerable variation. The results of the author’s analysis show that the mineral is essentially a blue variety of diopside, con- taining small quantities of various well-recogniscd pyroxene molecules.The composition may be expressed as a mixture of the following metasilicates. MgCa(SiO& diopside .......... NaA1(Si0,)2, jadeite ............ 4.1 .. NaFe(SiO&, acmite ............ 2.4 .. NaMn(SiO& ? ............ 2.7 .. 90.8 per cent. B. H. B. Monticellite Crystals obtained in Lead Smelting. By W. V. GCMBEL (Zeit. Kryst. Xin., 22, 269--270).-At Freihung, iu the Upper Palatinate, lead ores occur in sandstone in such qnantitg that at one time the mining industry was of considerable importance. Owing to lack of pumping machinery, the mines were, however, abandoned i n the middle of the present century.On reopening the mines recently, interesting specimens of galena and cerussite have been met with. The ore is smelted in a Pilz furnace. The silicate slags formed, on slow cooling, crystallise out as well-developed acicular crystals, giving, on analysis, the following results. SiO,. Also,. Fez&. F’eO. MnO. CaO. MgO. KzO. N%O. P&. 33.04 1-10 7.91 31-33 1.16 23.52 1-18 0.58 0.24 0.31 The sp. gr. was found to be 3.58, and the crystals were iso- morphous with those of the members of the olivine group, the forn\s observed being @a, cmP, cmpm. This crystallised slag is thus a monticellite, in which the magnesia is replaced by ferrous oxide. B. H. B. Serpentine from Bray Head. By J. P. O’REILLY ( Z e i t . K ~ y s t . E n . , 22, 300; from Proc.R. lrish Acad., 1891, 503).-An intrusive rock of Cambrian age, at Bray Head, Dublin, was formerly described a s greenstone. The author shows that it is really a serpentine, prob- ably formed by the alteration of a diabase porphyry. Bg L. G. EAKINS (Amer. J. h’ci., [3], 46, 283--285).-This meteorite was found in September, 1887, on a ridge 6 miles from Morristown, Tennessee. The various pieces found weigh about 36 lbs.; most of them ex- hibit much surface oxidation, a fresh fracture showing a grey colour,. wjth numerous metallic particles of nickel-iron. The latter gave the iollowing resulfs on analysis. B. H. B. New Meteorite from Hamblen Co., Tennessee. Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. P. S. Total. . W 9 2 7-71 0.80 trace 0.19 0.04 99-66PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 57 The siliceous portion of the meteorite gave the following results. SiO,. A1,0,. Cr203. PeO. NiO. MnO. CaO. RfgO. T. 16.79 8-33 - 4-88 0.39 - 5-19 1-34 11. 31.47 9.25 0.82 6.55 - 0.47 2.24 11-16 &O. Na20. P205. S . Total. I. - - 0-46 0.25 37.63 11. 0.0.2 0.12 - - 62.10 I, portion soluble in hydrochloric acid ; IT. insoluble portion. In many stony meteorites, olivine forms the bulk of the soluble portion. In this case, analysis shows olivine to be present in but small pyoyor- tion, if at all. B. 11. B.