Head injury remains a cause of severe morbidity and mortality, although recent advances have helped in the development of new treatment strategies. Appropriate fluid management and maintenance of cerebral perfusion, particularly in cases of multiple trauma, is critical. Jugular venous oxygen saturation is a new way to assess the patient with head injury, and to test the effect of treatments on cerebral blood flow. Electrophysiologic testing may help prognosticate in cases of severe head injury. This article reviews the current data on epidemiology, therapy, prognosis, and outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.