Microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus were extensively studied from many aspects. The aim of this work was to elucidate the possible interplay of insulin, glucagon, prolactin, growth hormone, T3, and T4in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Forty patients with diabetic retinopathy (group II) and twenty age-matched control (group I) were investigated. Plasma levels of both insulin and glucagon were significantly elevated in group II vs group I, but other hormones were insignificantly changed. This work rolles-out the role might be played by T3, T4, growth hormone, and prolactin in the established cases with diabetic retinopathy.