An alternative approach to flat nanoimprint lithography (NIL)—roller nanoimprint lithography (RNIL) is demonstrated. Compared with flat NIL, RNIL has the advantage of better uniformity, less force, and the ability to repeat a mask continuously on a large substrate. Two methods for RNIL are developed: (a) rolling a cylinder mold on a flat, solid substrate; (b) putting a flat mold directly on a substrate and rolling a smooth roller on top of the mold. Using our current roller nanoimprint system, sub-100 nm resolution pattern transfer has been achieved.