For conservative central forces the constancy of angular momentum provides a more natural substitution than is normally used to transform the force law into a differential equation. This is a transverse velocity substitution, which emphasizes angular rather than radial dependence for dynamical variables, implying a functional rotation. The method gives the standard results in new forms and they are expressed in more natural units of length, time, velocity, and energy than appears in other approaches. For the inverse square force the transverse velocity explicitly depends on the two invariant velocities, and the total energy is the difference of the kinetic energies for the two velocities. The invariant angular momentum is the sum of two variable angular momenta for the two velocities. The Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector is one of a triplet of orthogonal invariant vectors, the cross product of the invariant momentum and angular momentum. For noncircular trajectories this triplet and the scalar total energy are constants of the motion.