The critical temperature,Tc, for all presently known superconductors does not exceed 20°K. This fact obviously limits the range of applications of superconductivity in technology in a very fundamental way. On the whole, the reason why the value ofTcfor ‘ordinary’ superconductors should not exceed 20–40 °K is fairly well understood on the basis of the existing theory of superconductivity. At the same time, there apparently could exist high temperature superconductors for which the temperatureTcwould reach hundreds of degrees, or at least liquid air temperature. Possible means of producing high temperature superconductors are considered in this article. Special attention is paid to what can be called the exciton mechanism of superconductivity.