SummaryLung abscess due to nontyphoidSalmonella(NTS) with or without other intestinal or extra-intestinal involvement is very rare. A literature review (Medline®search) revealed only 20 cases including ours with this extra-intestinal manifestationoiSalmonellainfection.The case of a 49-year-old, HIV-positive man from Zaire is reported. Diagnosis was established by direct transthoracal CT-guided puncture of the abscess, a hitherto not reported procedure in this setting. Treatment with oral ciprofloxacin resulted in clinical and radiographic improvement Underlying immunodeficiency seems to play an important role, but the real pathophysiological mechanisms remain unsolved. It is particularly seen in HIV-positive patients with impaired cellular immunity sinceSalmonellais an intracellular pathogen whose eradication involves natural killer cells and antibody-induced cellular cytotoxicity. A possible explanation is thatNT-Salmonellabacteraemia is much more frequent in AIDS-patients as compared to the general population.Salmonellabacteremia can then spread to other tissues and organs such as the lungs, but why only the lungs are involved in some cases remains unclear. The characteristics ofSalmonellalung abscess is discussed and the literature reviewed.