ObjectiveTo examine prevalence rates and psychosocial correlates of clonidine use in a sample of opiate-dependent pregnant women.MethodsClonidine use was assessed in 90 treatmentseeking, pregnant, opiate-abusing women using both selfreport and urinalysis toxicology. Clonidine-positive and -negative subjects were compared for selected demographic, substance use, and psychosocial measures.ResultsOne-third of the sample was clonidine-positive. Urinalysis identified 26 clonidine-positive subjects, whereas self-report detected only six cases. Logistic regression identified four predictors of clonidine use at treatment admission: recent clinical anxiety, greater severity of family or social problems, recent cocaine use, and recent drug treatment.ConclusionClonidine use is prevalent in treatmentseeking opiate abusers, particularly those with concurrent cocaine use. The abuse potential of the drug warrants further study in this high-risk population.