PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. P h y s i o l o g i c a1 C h e m i s t r y . Influence of some Organic and Inorganic Substances on Gas Metabolism. By R. H. CHITTENDEN and G. W. CUMMIKS (Studies from Lab. Yhysiol. Chent., Yale Univ., 2, 200-236).-Tbe question investigated was the consumption of oxygen and the elimi- nation of carbonic anhydride. The animal, a rabbit, was confined in a large bell-jar, through which air was drawn by means of three aspirators, which were arranged to work evenly, and emptied them- selves in half an hour. Two-fifths of the mixed air was drawn suc- cessively through three absorption-tubes, each of which contained 100 C.C. of standard bnryta. The carbonic anhydride was estimated by titration with standard oxalic acid. The results obhined are not absolute, but express quite well the comparative action of the various substances experimented with.It was found necessary to have the animal in a state of hunger during an experiment. Accordingly it was deprived of food for three days previous to the experiment, as well as during the three days for which the experiment lasted. During the last two of the three days, the substance experimented with was given in small and oft-repeated doses. Every day numerous deter- minations of carbonic anhydride were made, and comparison could then be made between the normal excretion of that substance and tbat during the administrakion of the drug. Observations were also made on the body temperature. The following are briefly the results obtained with the following substances :-Uranyl nitrate acts slowly, but when taken in sufficient quantity tends to raise materially the body temperature, and increase very noticeably the excretion of car- bonic anhydride.Copper sulphate shows a marked influence in depressing body temperature, and a still greater infliiense in dimi- nishing the production of carbonic anhydride. Arsenious oxide given in non-toxic doses also diminishes the excretion of carbonic anhydride, presumably through its action on the metabolic activity of the tissue cells. Tartar emetic acts similarly. Morphine sulphate has but little action ; a slight fall in the excretion of carbonic anhy- dride immediately after a dose must be attributed to the semi- somnolent condition of the animal. Quinine sulphate, which is so important as an antipyretic, is found in a healthy hungry rabbit78 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.t o have only B very slight depi-essing influence on body tem- perature, and a minimum effect on the production of carbonic anhy- dride. Cinchonidine sulphate produced a slight rise of temperature and a gradual diminut.ion in the amount of carbonic anhydride excreted ; it also caused tetanic convulsions and finally death. Anti- pyrine had little effect, the only change being a fall in temperature just before death. W. D. H. Action of Uranium Salts on Digestive Ferments. By R. H. CHITTENDEN and M. T. HUTCHINSON (Xtudies 'from Lub. Physiol. Chew, Yule UTZ~U., 2, 55--67').-Very small quantities of uranium salts pro- niote the activity of saliva ; larger amounts hinder and finally stop its amylolytic action.100 C.C. of digestive mixture coiitained 2 C.C. of neutralised saliva, and 1 gram of pure potato-starch. The mixture was warmed at 40" for 31) minutes and then boiled to prevent further action; the amount of sugar present was estimated as dextrose by Behling's solution. This was compared with other digestive mixtures to which a certain percentage of a uranium salt was added. The following table illustrates the results obtained with uranyl nitrate :- Amount of salt added. Total amount of reducing substances, Starch converted. ReIative amylo- lytic action. 0 -000 per cent. 0'001 ,, 0'003 ,, 0.005 ,, 0~001 ,, 0.003 ,, 0.008 ,, 0 *4135 gram. 0.4.083 ,, 0.3873 ,, 0.3698 ,, 0.3612 ,, 0'3131 ,, trace 37 21 per cent. 36.74 ,, 34.85 ,, 33.28 ,, 32-50 ,, 28-17 ,, - 100.0 98 -7 93 -6 89 -4 87 *3 7 5 .5 - Uranyl acetate was more inhibitory in its action, due possibly to its greater acidity ; 0.0003 per cent. increases, 0.003 per cent. stops amylolytic action. Experiments wit,h similar results were obtained with ammonio-uranous snlphate, sodio-manic sulphate, potassio-uranic oxychloride, and ammonio-uranic citrate. The action of the salts varies with different specimens of saliva, according to the amount of protei'd present which is precipitated by them. Loss of amylolytic power is due in part to partial direct destruction of the ferment as well as to change in reaction of the fluid. There must, however, be some- thing in addition to the mere presence of these salts dependent on chemical constitut'ion that controls the action of the ferment. The same salts were also investigated in regard to their action on the proteolytic action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid.Similar series of experiments were made, and the results compared by estimating the amount of fibrin left undigested after an hour's action. The potas- sium uranic oxychloride was the only salt that produced initial stimu- lating action on the ferment; the others all retarded its activity. The difference in action of the various salts seems to depend on thePHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRP. 79 acid liberated from them ; the acids which are not capable of working with pepsin will most readily retard gastric digestion; thus t'he acetate retards digestion more than the nitrate ; acetic acid mixed with pepsin is practically inactive, whilst nitric acid is about four- fifths as active as hydrochloric acid.A similar series of experiments showed that uranium salts also retarded the action of the pancreatic ferment. W. D. H. Digestion in Rhizopods. By -M. GREEXWOOD (Journ. of Physid., 8, 263--287).-The authoress has continued her observations on the digestive processes in Awmba and Actinoqsphmriwn ( Abstr., 1886, 1053) with the following results : (1.) The ingestion of solid matter is promiscuous in amceloa, that, is nutritious and innutritious matters are taken in with equal readiness. Actinosphaerium, on the other hand, rarely inqests innutritions particles. (2.) The act of ingestion i n amceba is accompanied by the emission of pseudopodia ; in actino- sphaerium these may or may not be thrown out.(3.) The nutritious matter taken in by ameba is not surrounded by fluid when it lies in the endosac. (4.) Nut,ritious particles are in both animals digested by fluid poured out around them. This fluid has no action on the cuticle of organisms, or on cellulose or siliceous cell-walls. Fat and starch are apparently not digested by it. Jt is a colourless fluid, which acts on coagulated, and still more so on non-coagulated proteid matter. It has no action on litmus or carmine particles, acci- dentally enclosed with nuritious particles, and is therefore neutral in reaction, (5.) The secretion is more active in actinosphtmium than in amceba. (6.) Chlorophyll is changed to a dark-brown colour by aniceha ; this is not so marked in actinosphzerium.(7.) Ejection is performed a t the hind end of amoeba, either by means of a vacuole, or often in the case of algae without one, An excretory vacuole is always present in actinosphaerium. (8) The time between ingestion and ejection is difficult to determine, and varies with the size and di- gestibility of the ingesta; it averages 3 to 4 days in amceba. In actinosphaerium the digestive act is shorter and occupies from 18 to 8 hours. W. D. H. Dehydration of Glucose in the Stomach and Intestines. By R. H.-CHITTENDEN (Studies from Lab. Physiol Chern., Yale Univ., 2, 46--53).-Pavy (Chem. News, 49, 128, 140, 155, 162, 172, 183) brought forward evidence to show that there exists, particularly in the stomach and intestines of rabbits, a ferment which has a de- hydrating action on glucose, transforming it into a substance with less cupric oxide reducing power, akin to maltose.This substance is formed a t a temperature of 48" by bringing a solution of glucose into contact with the stomach and intestines of a rabbit; by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid, i t is again converted into glucose. In the present research these experiments were repeated, but gave an entirely negative result, rabbits and cats being the animals used, in different stages of digestion. Ogata (Jal~rsber. fur Thierchent., 15, 275) has also been unable to confirm Pavy's results. W. D. H.80 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Nitrogen. 1 Yhosphorus. Sulphur. Influence of Antimonious Oxide on Metabolism. By R. H. CHITTENDEN and J. A. BLAKE (Studies from Lab. Physiol.Chem., Yale Univ., 2, 87--9~4).-Antirnonious oxide was used instead of tartar emetic, because of its probable slower toxic action, and also because it has been so extensively used as a means to induce or to aid in the production of fatty degeneration, for instance, in tlhe production of fatty livers in geese (H. C. Wood, Therapeutics, 161). The nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, and chlorine were estimated daily in the urine of a dog, to whom a fixed diet was administered, first for a period without and afterwards for a period with the addi- tionof small quantities of antimonious oxide. The results of the two series may be stated as follows :- Daily Averlxge qf Constituents of Urine in grams. Chlorine. L. Without antimony.. . . 11 -743 0 9251 0 * 6708 0 *5592 2.With antimony . . . . . .I 12.028 I 0-72Y2 1 0.6539 I 0 ‘50’70 T’he conclusion is drawn that small repeated doses of antimonioiis oxide are without influence on the excretion of nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus, and that consequently t h i s compound, a t least when taken in non-toxic doses, has no action on protei’d metabolism. Asparagine as a Nourishing Constituent of Food. By H. WEISKE (Landw. Versuchs-Stat., 34, 303--310).-A review of the work done by various chemists. It is shown that the mass of evidence produced is in favour of asparagine being a nutrient for herbivora, and that, under appropriate conditions it prevents waste, and causes the formation of albumin. As to its influence on ornnivora and carnivora, this does appear t o be the case, but on the contrary it produces strong diuretic action, and destruction of a1 bumin ; however, more experi- ments are necessary for t,he complete elucidation of the problem. W.D. H. E. W. P. Ash in Bones of Different Ages. By W. P. MASOX (Chem. h-ews, 56, 157-1159).-The author has examined for ash and as to brittleness scveral samples of bones, both from males and females, from bodies recently dead and from living people (amputations). I n all cases the history of the bone R ~ S known, and the ash determined in portions selected from the dense portion of the middle of the khaft of the femur. All diseased bones, or bones from persons suffering from ailments affecting the bones, were excluded. His results show that from machood to old age, there is no variation i n the amount of ash in bones.That the brit tleuess of old bones is due to the material rather than the structure; that it is not therefore due to the increape of spongy tissue and diminution of the denser portions of the bone as age advances (PrBmg’s supposition) ; nor does it arise from the increase in t h e perzentage of inorganic salts. D. A. L.PEYSIOLOQlCATi CHENISTRY. 81 Distribution of Antimony in the Organs and Tissues. By R. H. CHITTENDEN and J . A. BLAKE (Studies from Lab. Pkysiol. Chem., Yale Uwiv., 2, 68-86) .-These experiments were undertaken in order that data of medico-legal importance might be obtained ; the relative distribution of the poison In the tissues giving indications of the length of time that intervenes bettween the administration of the poison and death. The only trust'worthy method of estimating small quantities of antimony was found to be the electrolytic method (Classen, Abstr.1885, 191, 932) ; preliminary experiments were performed which showed that this method acts well when antimony is mixed with organic matter, and also in urine. A feeble current was used and allowed to act for many hours ; the antimony was collected at the negative pole which was a platinum capsule. When the eeparation of the metal was complete, it was found necessary to remove all organic matter by washing with water before breaking the current, otherwise the antimony quickly redissolved. Tables are given of the results in which various compounds of antimony were giren by hypodermic injection, by the mouth, aud by the rectum in dogs and rabbits. The brain axd liver were the organs in which the metal tends most to accumulate, although if sufflcient time elapses between the giving of the poison and death, it tends to spread more uniformly through the body; the more soluble com- pounds of antimony like tartar emetic produce their effects more rapidly than the insoluble forms like antimonious oxide.W. D. H. Formation and Elimination of a Ferruginous Pigment in Poisoning with Toluylenediamine. By ENGEL and KIENER (Compt. rend., 105, 465--467).-1n acute cases which end in death i n a few hours, there is no icteria and no haemoglobinuria, but the victim falls into a state of coma and dies. There is intense conges- tion of all the organs and especially of the lungs, but the spleen and marrow contain no excess of pigment. When death ensues after a few days, there is always icteria and often hEmoglobinuria, and the urine is loaded with fat and yellow and brown pigment granules which are variable in composition but sometimes contain iron.The ferruginous pigment formed by the destruction of the haemoglobin accumulates in thc spleen and marrow. It seems to be formed from the hzemoglobin in the proto- plasm from the cellules and not from the red corpuscles. The deposits in the liver are less constant and more local. I n chronic cases ending in death after several weeks, the icteria is moderated and is often retarded for a long time, There is DO hsemoglobinuria and no granular pigment in the urine. The animal eventually succumbs to anzmia, which is followed by coma, and after death the spleen, marrow, and liver contain a greater quantity of the ferruginous pigment than in acute cases, and there is a notable quantity in the kidneys and in the lymphatic ganglions of the abdomen.C. H. €3. VOL. LIT. 9PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY.P h y s i o l o g i c a1 C h e m i s t r y .Influence of some Organic and Inorganic Substances onGas Metabolism. By R. H. CHITTENDEN and G. W. CUMMIKS(Studies from Lab. Yhysiol. Chent., Yale Univ., 2, 200-236).-Tbequestion investigated was the consumption of oxygen and the elimi-nation of carbonic anhydride. The animal, a rabbit, was confined ina large bell-jar, through which air was drawn by means of threeaspirators, which were arranged to work evenly, and emptied them-selves in half an hour.Two-fifths of the mixed air was drawn suc-cessively through three absorption-tubes, each of which contained100 C.C. of standard bnryta. The carbonic anhydride was estimatedby titration with standard oxalic acid. The results obhined are notabsolute, but express quite well the comparative action of the varioussubstances experimented with. It was found necessary to have theanimal in a state of hunger during an experiment. Accordingly itwas deprived of food for three days previous to the experiment, aswell as during the three days for which the experiment lasted. Duringthe last two of the three days, the substance experimented with wasgiven in small and oft-repeated doses. Every day numerous deter-minations of carbonic anhydride were made, and comparison couldthen be made between the normal excretion of that substance andtbat during the administrakion of the drug.Observations were alsomade on the body temperature. The following are briefly the resultsobtained with the following substances :-Uranyl nitrate acts slowly,but when taken in sufficient quantity tends to raise materially thebody temperature, and increase very noticeably the excretion of car-bonic anhydride. Copper sulphate shows a marked influence indepressing body temperature, and a still greater infliiense in dimi-nishing the production of carbonic anhydride. Arsenious oxidegiven in non-toxic doses also diminishes the excretion of carbonicanhydride, presumably through its action on the metabolic activityof the tissue cells.Tartar emetic acts similarly. Morphine sulphatehas but little action ; a slight fall in the excretion of carbonic anhy-dride immediately after a dose must be attributed to the semi-somnolent condition of the animal. Quinine sulphate, which is soimportant as an antipyretic, is found in a healthy hungry rabbi78 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.t o have only B very slight depi-essing influence on body tem-perature, and a minimum effect on the production of carbonic anhy-dride. Cinchonidine sulphate produced a slight rise of temperatureand a gradual diminut.ion in the amount of carbonic anhydrideexcreted ; it also caused tetanic convulsions and finally death. Anti-pyrine had little effect, the only change being a fall in temperaturejust before death.W. D. H.Action of Uranium Salts on Digestive Ferments. By R. H.CHITTENDEN and M. T. HUTCHINSON (Xtudies 'from Lub. Physiol. Chew,Yule UTZ~U., 2, 55--67').-Very small quantities of uranium salts pro-niote the activity of saliva ; larger amounts hinder and finally stopits amylolytic action. 100 C.C. of digestive mixture coiitained 2 C.C.of neutralised saliva, and 1 gram of pure potato-starch. Themixture was warmed at 40" for 31) minutes and then boiled to preventfurther action; the amount of sugar present was estimated asdextrose by Behling's solution. This was compared with otherdigestive mixtures to which a certain percentage of a uranium saltwas added. The following table illustrates the results obtained withuranyl nitrate :-Amount of saltadded.Total amount ofreducing substances, Starch converted.ReIative amylo-lytic action.0 -000 per cent.0'001 ,,0'003 ,,0.005 ,,0~001 ,,0.003 ,,0.008 ,,0 *4135 gram.0.4.083 ,,0.3873 ,,0.3698 ,,0.3612 ,,0'3131 ,,trace37 21 per cent.36.74 ,,34.85 ,,33.28 ,,32-50 ,,28-17 ,, -100.098 -793 -689 -487 *37 5 . 5 -Uranyl acetate was more inhibitory in its action, due possibly toits greater acidity ; 0.0003 per cent. increases, 0.003 per cent. stopsamylolytic action. Experiments wit,h similar results were obtainedwith ammonio-uranous snlphate, sodio-manic sulphate, potassio-uranicoxychloride, and ammonio-uranic citrate. The action of the saltsvaries with different specimens of saliva, according to the amount ofprotei'd present which is precipitated by them.Loss of amylolyticpower is due in part to partial direct destruction of the ferment as wellas to change in reaction of the fluid. There must, however, be some-thing in addition to the mere presence of these salts dependent onchemical constitut'ion that controls the action of the ferment.The same salts were also investigated in regard to their action onthe proteolytic action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid. Similar series ofexperiments were made, and the results compared by estimating theamount of fibrin left undigested after an hour's action. The potas-sium uranic oxychloride was the only salt that produced initial stimu-lating action on the ferment; the others all retarded its activity.The difference in action of the various salts seems to depend on thPHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRP.79acid liberated from them ; the acids which are not capable of workingwith pepsin will most readily retard gastric digestion; thus t'heacetate retards digestion more than the nitrate ; acetic acid mixedwith pepsin is practically inactive, whilst nitric acid is about four-fifths as active as hydrochloric acid.A similar series of experiments showed that uranium salts alsoretarded the action of the pancreatic ferment. W. D. H.Digestion in Rhizopods. By -M. GREEXWOOD (Journ. of Physid.,8, 263--287).-The authoress has continued her observations on thedigestive processes in Awmba and Actinoqsphmriwn ( Abstr., 1886,1053) with the following results : (1.) The ingestion of solid matter ispromiscuous in amceloa, that, is nutritious and innutritious mattersare taken in with equal readiness. Actinosphaerium, on the otherhand, rarely inqests innutritions particles. (2.) The act of ingestioni n amceba is accompanied by the emission of pseudopodia ; in actino-sphaerium these may or may not be thrown out.(3.) The nutritiousmatter taken in by ameba is not surrounded by fluid when it lies inthe endosac. (4.) Nut,ritious particles are in both animals digestedby fluid poured out around them. This fluid has no action on thecuticle of organisms, or on cellulose or siliceous cell-walls. Fatand starch are apparently not digested by it. Jt is a colourless fluid,which acts on coagulated, and still more so on non-coagulatedproteid matter.It has no action on litmus or carmine particles, acci-dentally enclosed with nuritious particles, and is therefore neutral inreaction, (5.) The secretion is more active in actinosphtmium thanin amceba. (6.) Chlorophyll is changed to a dark-brown colour byaniceha ; this is not so marked in actinosphzerium. (7.) Ejection isperformed a t the hind end of amoeba, either by means of a vacuole,or often in the case of algae without one, An excretory vacuole isalways present in actinosphaerium. (8) The time between ingestionand ejection is difficult to determine, and varies with the size and di-gestibility of the ingesta; it averages 3 to 4 days in amceba. Inactinosphaerium the digestive act is shorter and occupies from 18 to8 hours.W. D. H.Dehydration of Glucose in the Stomach and Intestines.By R. H.-CHITTENDEN (Studies from Lab. Physiol Chern., Yale Univ., 2,46--53).-Pavy (Chem. News, 49, 128, 140, 155, 162, 172, 183)brought forward evidence to show that there exists, particularly inthe stomach and intestines of rabbits, a ferment which has a de-hydrating action on glucose, transforming it into a substance withless cupric oxide reducing power, akin to maltose. This substance isformed a t a temperature of 48" by bringing a solution of glucose intocontact with the stomach and intestines of a rabbit; by boiling itwith dilute sulphuric acid, i t is again converted into glucose. In thepresent research these experiments were repeated, but gave an entirelynegative result, rabbits and cats being the animals used, in differentstages of digestion.Ogata (Jal~rsber. fur Thierchent., 15, 275) has alsobeen unable to confirm Pavy's results. W. D. H80 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Nitrogen. 1 Yhosphorus. Sulphur.Influence of Antimonious Oxide on Metabolism. By R. H.CHITTENDEN and J. A. BLAKE (Studies from Lab. Physiol. Chem., YaleUniv., 2, 87--9~4).-Antirnonious oxide was used instead of tartaremetic, because of its probable slower toxic action, and also because ithas been so extensively used as a means to induce or to aid in theproduction of fatty degeneration, for instance, in tlhe production offatty livers in geese (H. C. Wood, Therapeutics, 161).The nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, and chlorine were estimateddaily in the urine of a dog, to whom a fixed diet was administered,first for a period without and afterwards for a period with the addi-tionof small quantities of antimonious oxide.The results of the twoseries may be stated as follows :-Daily Averlxge qf Constituents of Urine in grams.Chlorine.L. Without antimony.. . . 11 -743 0 9251 0 * 6708 0 *55922. With antimony . . . . . .I 12.028 I 0-72Y2 1 0.6539 I 0 ‘50’70T’he conclusion is drawn that small repeated doses of antimonioiisoxide are without influence on the excretion of nitrogen, sulphur, andphosphorus, and that consequently t h i s compound, a t least whentaken in non-toxic doses, has no action on protei’d metabolism.Asparagine as a Nourishing Constituent of Food.By H.WEISKE (Landw. Versuchs-Stat., 34, 303--310).-A review of the workdone by various chemists. It is shown that the mass of evidenceproduced is in favour of asparagine being a nutrient for herbivora, andthat, under appropriate conditions it prevents waste, and causes theformation of albumin. As to its influence on ornnivora and carnivora,this does appear t o be the case, but on the contrary it produces strongdiuretic action, and destruction of a1 bumin ; however, more experi-ments are necessary for t,he complete elucidation of the problem.W. D. H.E. W. P.Ash in Bones of Different Ages. By W. P. MASOX (Chem.h-ews, 56, 157-1159).-The author has examined for ash and as tobrittleness scveral samples of bones, both from males and females, frombodies recently dead and from living people (amputations).I n allcases the history of the bone R ~ S known, and the ash determined inportions selected from the dense portion of the middle of the khaft ofthe femur. All diseased bones, or bones from persons suffering fromailments affecting the bones, were excluded. His results show thatfrom machood to old age, there is no variation i n the amount of ash inbones. That the brit tleuess of old bones is due to the material ratherthan the structure; that it is not therefore due to the increape ofspongy tissue and diminution of the denser portions of the bone as ageadvances (PrBmg’s supposition) ; nor does it arise from the increase int h e perzentage of inorganic salts.D. A. LPEYSIOLOQlCATi CHENISTRY. 81Distribution of Antimony in the Organs and Tissues. ByR. H. CHITTENDEN and J . A. BLAKE (Studies from Lab. Pkysiol. Chem.,Yale Uwiv., 2, 68-86) .-These experiments were undertaken inorder that data of medico-legal importance might be obtained ; therelative distribution of the poison In the tissues giving indications ofthe length of time that intervenes bettween the administration of thepoison and death. The only trust'worthy method of estimating smallquantities of antimony was found to be the electrolytic method(Classen, Abstr. 1885, 191, 932) ; preliminary experiments wereperformed which showed that this method acts well when antimony ismixed with organic matter, and also in urine. A feeble current wasused and allowed to act for many hours ; the antimony was collectedat the negative pole which was a platinum capsule.When theeeparation of the metal was complete, it was found necessary toremove all organic matter by washing with water before breaking thecurrent, otherwise the antimony quickly redissolved.Tables are given of the results in which various compounds ofantimony were giren by hypodermic injection, by the mouth, aud bythe rectum in dogs and rabbits. The brain axd liver were the organsin which the metal tends most to accumulate, although if sufflcienttime elapses between the giving of the poison and death, it tends tospread more uniformly through the body; the more soluble com-pounds of antimony like tartar emetic produce their effects morerapidly than the insoluble forms like antimonious oxide.W. D. H.Formation and Elimination of a Ferruginous Pigment inPoisoning with Toluylenediamine. By ENGEL and KIENER(Compt. rend., 105, 465--467).-1n acute cases which end in death i na few hours, there is no icteria and no haemoglobinuria, but thevictim falls into a state of coma and dies. There is intense conges-tion of all the organs and especially of the lungs, but the spleen andmarrow contain no excess of pigment.When death ensues after a few days, there is always icteria andoften hEmoglobinuria, and the urine is loaded with fat and yellowand brown pigment granules which are variable in composition butsometimes contain iron. The ferruginous pigment formed by thedestruction of the haemoglobin accumulates in thc spleen andmarrow. It seems to be formed from the hzemoglobin in the proto-plasm from the cellules and not from the red corpuscles. Thedeposits in the liver are less constant and more local.I n chronic cases ending in death after several weeks, the icteria ismoderated and is often retarded for a long time, There is DOhsemoglobinuria and no granular pigment in the urine. The animaleventually succumbs to anzmia, which is followed by coma, and afterdeath the spleen, marrow, and liver contain a greater quantity of theferruginous pigment than in acute cases, and there is a notablequantity in the kidneys and in the lymphatic ganglions of theabdomen. C. H. €3.VOL. LIT.