FARADAY DISCUSSIONS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY NO 65 1978 Colloid Stability This Faraday Discussion incorporates The First Rideal Lecture, given by Professor J. Th. G. Overbeek, and commemorates the lifelong contributions to Interfacial Science of E. K. Rideal THE FARADAY DIVISION CHEMICAL SOCIETY LONDONISBN: 0 85186 978 5 lSSN : 0301 -7249 0 The Chemical Society and Contributors 1978 Printed in Great Britain by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press), Ltd., Bungay, SuffolkA GENERAL DISCUSSION ON Colloid Stability llth, 12th and 13th April, 1978 A GENERAL DISCUSSION on Colloid Stability was held at Lunteren in The Netherland; on the 1 lth, 12th and 13th April, 1978. Dr. G. D. Parfitt introduced Professor J. Th G. Overbeek, who delivered the First Rideal Lecture in the presence of the Presiden of the Faraday Division, Professor F.C. Tompkins, F.R.S., and about 260 Fellow: and guests. Among visitors to The Netherlands were: Dr. S. C. Agarwal, Switzerland Mr. A. P. Allen, U.K. Mr. B. R. Alves, U.K. Dr. R. Aveyard, U.K. Dr. P. Bagchi, U.S.A. Dr. F. Balestrazzi, Italy Mr. R. C. Ball, U.K. Mr. M. Barker, U.K. Dr. G. T. Barnes, U.K. Mr. K. Barnett, U.K. Dr. R. Beckett, Australia Dr. L. Benjamin, U.S.A. Dr. K. H. Berneis, Switzerland Dr. D. F. Billett, U.K. Mr. W. Black, U.K. Dr. A. Bleier, U.S.A. Mr. K. Bridger, U.K. Dr. R. Buscall, U.K. Dr. B. J. Carroll, U.K. Mr. D. J. Cebula, U.K. Mr. R. Cheesman, U.K. Dr. A. H. Chojnicki, U.K. Miss J. Clarke, U.K. Dr. D. R. Cooper, U.K. Dr. W. D. Cooper, U.K. Dr. T. Corner, U.K. Dr. D. F. Darling, U.K. Dr.E. Dickenson, U.K. Dr. D. Distler, West Germany Mr. A. Doroszkowski, U.K. Dr. F. Dumont, Belgium Mr. G. A. Dunn, U.K. Dr. A. E. Durno, U.K. Dr. D. Eagland, U.K. Mr. L. Eriksson, Sweden Dr. D. Fairhurst, U.K. Prof. G. H. Findenegg, West Germarty Mrs. Y . A. Fish, U.K. Mr. L. R. Fisher, Australia Dr. R . R. Ford, U.K. Dr. Y . Gilliams, Belgium Dr. A. R. Goodall, U.K. Dr. J. W. Goodwin, U.K. Dr. J. W. S. Goosens, West Germany Dr. D. E. Graham, U.K. Mr. P. A. Grandjean, Switzerland Mrs. M. J. Grant, U.K. Prof. P. Gray, U.K. Mr. M. Grimson, U.K. Dr. A. Grubenmann, Switzerland Mr. F. Griiner, West Germany Dr. M. L. Hair, Canada Dr. W. Haller, West Germany Mr. H. R. Harper, U.K. Dr. R. Harrop, U.K. Prof. T. W. Healy, Australia Dr. W. Hess, West Germany Prof.G. J. Hills, U.K. Dr. J. A. Hockey, U.K. Dr. R. Horn, France Dr. D. B. Hough, U.K. Dr. R. G. Hughes, Belgium Dr. W. Hunsmann, West Germany Dr. J. N. Israelachvili, Airstralia Dr. A. D. James, U.K. Dr. M. J. Jaycock, U.K. Dr. F. Jones, U.K. Dr. I. S. Jones, U.K. Dr. A. M. Joseph-Petit, Belgium Dr. F. Jost, West Germany Dr. N. Kallag, Yugoslavia Dr. K. J. Kayem, U.K. Dr. J. B. Kayes, U.K. Dr. I. W. Kellawag, U.K. Prof. E. Killmann, West Germany Dr. J. Klein, Israel Dr. I. KrznariC, Yugoslavitr Mr. R. Lambe, U.K. Dr. R. G. Laughlin, U.S.A. Mr. E. J. Lawson, U.K. Mr. J. C. Le Bell, Finland Dr. W. Lehmann, West Germany Prof. H. N. W. Lekkerkerker, Belgiiim Dr. H. Lervik, Sweden Dr. S . Levine, U.K. Dr. A. Lips, U.K. Dr. P. Luner, U S A . Dr. R. L. 5. Lyster, U.K. Dr.A. J. G. Maroto, Argentina Dr. R. S . Marsden, U.K. Dr. C. J. Martin, U.K. Dr. G. E. Martin, U.K. Mr. R. Martin Speirs, U.K. Dr. R. Menold, West Germany Prof. J. Mewis, Belgium Dr. R. J. L. Miller, U.K.iv A GENERAL DISCUSSION Dr. S. A. Mitchell, U.K. Dr. B. Nazir, U.K. Dr. E. L. Neustadter, U.K. Mr. D. W. J. Osmond, U.K. Prof. R. H. Ottewill, U.K. Dr. J. F. Padday, U.K. Dr. G. D. Parfitt, U.K. Mr. R. M. Pashley, U.K. Mr. A. R. Pitt, U.K. Dr. M. Plaisance, France Prof. A. Posner, Australia Dr. J. E. Proust, France Dr. M. Pyrlik, West Germany Dr. J . H. Raistrick, U.K. Dr. J. D. F. Ramsay, U.K. Dr. D. G. Rance, U.K. Dr. K. J. Randle, U.K. Mr. D. Rawlins, U.K. Dr. P. Richmond, U.K. Dr. J. Rigler, West Germany Dr. I. D. Robb, U.K. Mr. B. Roberts, U.K. Dr. P.Rutter, U.K. Dr. H. Sato, Japan Dr. H. Schliiter, West Germany Dr. G. Schreier, West Germany Dr. S . Shaya, U.S.A. Dr. I. Sheiham, U.K. Dr. P. Sherman, U.K. Prof. A. Silberberg, Israel Dr. P. Sinclair, U.K. Dr. A. L. Smith, U.K. Dr. J. B. Smitham, U.K. Dr. I. Snook, Australia Prof. H. Sonntag, East Germany Dr. J. F. Stageman, U.K. Dr. E. Staples, U.K. Dr. P. Stenius, Sweden Mr. H. D. Stone, U.K. Dr. Stone Masui, BeZgium Prof. S . P. Stoylov, BuZgaria Dr. G. Szasz, Switzerland Dr. Th. F. Tadros, U.K. Dr. C. Taupin, France Dr. B. Tavernier, BeZgium Mr. S . Tavernier, Belgium Dr. G. Taylor, U.K. Prof. F. C. Tompkins, U.K. Dr. U. Tuerck, West Germany Dr. K . Turban, West Germany Dr. T. G. M. van de Ven, Canada Dr. W. J . van Megen, Australia Dr. B. R. Vijayendran, U.S.A.Dr. B. Vincent, U.K. Mr. F. A Waite, U.K. Dr. T. Walker, U.S.A. Dr. A. J. I. Ward, Ireland Prof. A. Watillon, BeIgium Dr. J. Wegner, West Germany Dr. W. Wenzel, West Germany Dr. J . W. White, France Prof. S . G. Whittington, Canada Dr. R. Wicke, West Germany Dr. G. R. Wiese, U.K. Dr. G. Winter, West Germany Mr. A. J . Wishart, U.K. Dr. P. Woditsch, West Germany Mr. K. Wojak, West Germany Dr. C. J. Wright, U.K. Dr. C. A. Young, U.K. Dr. D. A. Young, U.K.CONTENTS Page 7 20 25 33 43 58 65 76 92 101 114 146 156 164 175 194 202 215 230 The First Rideal Lecture: Microemulsions, A Field at the Border Between Lyophobic and Lyophikc Colloids by J. Th. G. Overbeek Measurement of Forces between Surfaces Immersed in Electrolyte Solutions by J. N . Israelachvili Polymer-stabilized Free Liquid Films by J. Lyklema and T.van Vliet Direct Measurements of the Interaction between Adsorbed Macromolecular Layers by F. W. Cain, R. H. Ottewill and J. B. Smitham GENERAL DISCUSSION Mechanical Spectroscopy of Colloidal Dispersions by J . Mewis and G. Schoukens Structure and Stability of Concentrated Boehmite Sols by J. D. F. Ramsay, S. R. Daish and C. J. Wright Neutron Scattering from Colloids by D. Cebula, R. K. Thomas, N. M. Harris, J. Tabony and J. W. White Statistical Mechanical Approach to Phase Transitions in Colloids by W. van Megen and I. Snook Application of Modern Concepts in Liquid State Theory to Concentrated Particle Dispersions by A. Vrij, E. A. Nieuwenhuis, H. M. Fijnaut and W. G. M. Agterof GENERAL DISCUSSION On Coagulation in the Primary Minimum by G.Frens Coagulation of Amphoteric Latex Colloids: Reversibility aptd Specipc Ion Eflects by T. W. Healy, A. Homola, R. 0. James and R. J. Hunter On Enzymatic Clotting Processes. Part 3.-Flocculation Rate Constants of Paracasein and Fibrin by T. A. J. Payens GENERAL DISCUSSION Macromolecular Surfaces Phases and the Stability of Colloidal Dispersions by A. Silberberg Modes of Polymer Adsorption with Excluded Volume on Parallel Colloidal Plates and their Interactions by S. Levine, M. M. Thomlinson and K. Robinson GENERAL DISCUSSION Preparation and Stability of Novel Polymer Colloids in a Range of Simple Liquids by D. H. Everett and J. F. StagemanCON TENTS Magnetic Birefringence as a Tool for Determining Adsorbed Polymer Layer Thicknesses by P. C. Scholten Efect of Molecular Architecture of Long Chain Fatty Acids on the Disper- sion Properties of Titanium Dioxide in Non-aqueous Liquids by A. Doroszkowski and R. Lambourne Influence of Adsorbed Proteins on the Stability of Polystyrene Latex Part ides by A. van der Scheer, M. A. Tanke and C. A. Smolders Concentration Eflects in Polymer Flocculation and Stabilization by D. S. Duckworth, A. Lips and E. J. Staples Equilibrium Aspects of Heteroflocculation in Mixed Sterically-stabilized Dispersions by B. Vincent, C. A. Young and Th. F. Tadros Some New Aspects of and Conclusions on Theory of Stability of Colloids and their Experimental Verification by B. V . Derjaguin GENERAL DISCUSSION vi 242 252 264 288 296 306 313 342 INDEX OF NAMES