CHORUS HOWLING BY WOLVES: ACOUSTIC STRUCTURE, PACK SIZE AND THE BEAU GESTE EFFECT
作者:
FREDH. HARRINGTON,
期刊:
Bioacoustics
(Taylor Available online 1989)
卷期:
Volume 2,
issue 2
页码: 117-136
ISSN:0952-4622
年代: 1989
DOI:10.1080/09524622.1989.9753122
出版商: Taylor & Francis Group
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
A variety of structural parameters were measured from wolf choruses recorded in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota, USA. Mean duration of 60s did not vary with pack size or composition. Packs replied to simulated howling after an average of 40s, often interrupting the stimulus howls. Choruses began with simply-structured howls, which became increasingly modulated as the chorus progressed. Little difference in mean fundamental frequency or other howl parameters was found among the choruses from packs of various sizes and compositions. In particular, choruses produced by single adult pairs did not differ from those of larger packs accompanied by pups. The lack of relationship between chorus parameters and pack size or composition indicates there is little useful information concerning a pack's size to be found in its chorus howling.
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