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Phases, morphology, and diffusion inCuInxGa1−xSe2thin films
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Phases, morphology, and diffusion inCuInxGa1−xSe2thin films
作者:
M. Marudachalam,
R. W. Birkmire,
H. Hichri,
J. M. Schultz,
A. Swartzlander,
M. M. Al-Jassim,
期刊:
Journal of Applied Physics
(AIP Available online 1997)
卷期:
Volume 82,
issue 6
页码: 2896-2905
ISSN:0021-8979
年代: 1997
DOI:10.1063/1.366122
出版商: AIP
数据来源: AIP
摘要:
CuInxGa1−xSe2thin films, with variousGa/(Ga+In)ratios, suitable for solar cells were processed by selenizing stacked Cu, Ga, and In precursor layers in aH2Sereactor in the temperature range of 400–500 °C. Cu/Ga/In and Cu/In/Ga precursors were obtained by sequential sputtering of the elemental layers. The Cu/Ga/In and Cu/In/Ga precursors, and the selenized films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The precursors contained only binary and elemental phases in the as-deposited condition and after annealing. The selenized films had a nonuniform distribution of Ga and In. The surface of the selenized films were In rich, while the Mo/film interface in these films was Ga rich. The selenized films withGa/(Ga+In)ratios greater than 0.25 contain graded Ga and In compositions, and the selenized films withGa/(Ga+In)ratios less than 0.6 contain a phase-separated mixture ofCuInSe2andCuGaSe2with theCuInSe2near the surface and theCuGaSe2near the Mo/film interface. Single phase, homogeneousCuInxGa1−xSe2films were obtained by annealing the as-selenized films in argon in the temperature range of 500–600 °C for 60 min. Interdiffusion of In and Ga between theCuGaSe2and theCuInSe2phases was found to be responsible for the homogenization process. This homogenization process does not occur in the presence of a selenium atmosphere. Diffusion measurements yielded similar interdiffusion coefficients for Ga and In. The annealing temperature and time to effect homogenization depends on theGa/(Ga+In)ratio of the absorber films. Films with lowerGa/(Ga+In)ratios require a homogenization temperature of 600 °C or more and films with higherGa/(Ga+In)ratios homogenize at a lower temperature of 400–500 °C, for an annealing time of 60 min.
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