Empirical studies of the first generation of stars and quasars in the Universe will likely become feasible over the next decade. TheNext Generation Space Telescopewill provide direct imaging and photometry of sub-galactic objects atz≳10,while microwave anisotropy experiments, such as MAP or Planck, will set constraints on the ionization history of the intergalactic medium due to these sources. We describe the expected signals that will be detectable with these future instruments. ©1999 American Institute of Physics.