SummaryThe authors present clinical, anatomopathological and immunological documents showing that tuberculosis is still active in our countries, that it often goes unnoticed and is only diagnosed in the autopsy room, that it contaminates persons without apparent debilitating disease.In the acute and subacute forms, they suggest, after sampling and before bacteriological confirmation, a thera-peutical trial, associating the bactericidal actions of Isonia-zide and Ethambutol during a maximum of 6 weeks, followed, if successful and if K.B. has been discovered, by the threefold therapy Isoniazid–Rifampicin–Ethambutol.