PROCEEDINGS OX? TRE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EDITED BY THE SECRETARIES. No. 153. Session 1894-95. June 6th, 1895. Mr. A. G. Vernon Harcourt, President, in the Chair. Messrs. G. E. Shaw, H. Thornton and H. F. A. Wigley were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. George Percy Bailey, B.A., 7, Mount Pleasant Square, Dublin; Charles James Fawel, The Laboratory, Cranford, Middlcsex ; Jervis E. Foakes, Medical Scliool, Cnxton Streeh, Westminster, S.W. ; Stanley Fox, 46, Preston Street,, Faversham; Rev. Henry Arthur Hall, M.A., The Schoolhouse, Totnes ; James Henderson, B.Sc., 193, Blackness Road, Duiidee ; William Heriry Pennington, Firedhouse, Rochdale ; W. T. B. Ridge, 2, Ashwoodi Terrace, Longton, Staffs.; William Augustus Rugginz, 114,Upton Lane, Forest Gate, E. ; IT. 1’.Tibbald, ’72, Lnfayette Avenue, Detroit, U.S.A. ; Harold E. Wright, Springhurst, Hart burn, Stock ton-on- Tees. It was announced from the Chair that on Thursday, Jane 20th, an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Society would be held at 8 P.M. to vote on the following change in the Bye-law which is pro-posed by the Council. In Bye-law 1 to strike out the last paragraph, beginning “The life composition fee,” and insert the following :-“ The life com- position fee shall be S30, excepting that Fellows who ham paid 10 annual subscriptions shall pay as life composition fee $20 ; Fellows who hare paid 1.5 annnal subscriptions shall pay S15 ; Fellows who 120 have paid 20 annual subscriptions shall pay $12, aiid Fellows who have paid 25 annual subscriptions shall pay 3510.” Of the following papers those marked * were read.“74. “ The molecular refractions of dissolved salts and acids.” ByDr. J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S., and Walter Hibbert. In a paper on the Refraction Equivalents of the Elements (Phil. Trans., 1870), Dr. Gladstone gave reasons for believing that the molecular refraction of a salt or acid is not altered when dissolved in water. Some controversy aros3 upon this point, and the refraction of salts in solution has been the subject of investigation by many experimenters. The present communication is devoted to a rigid examination of two of the reasons previously assigned.1st. The similarity of the molecular refraction of substances when determined from the solid and from its solution. 2nd. That the molecular refraction of a. dissolved salt is not affected by varyigg the amount of water. The data employed in the present investigation are: Dr. Glad-stone’s former observations of 1869 and 1891, wherever sufficiently reliable ; the published observations of other experimenters ; and numerous series of observaticns recently made by Mr. Hibbert. The results are arranged in tables. One of these exhibits the refraction vaIues of all tile solid saIts which have been determined, provided they have but one index of refraction, together with a few others. These are compared with the refraction of the same salt in a nearly saturated solution. Another ,gives the same for anhydrous acids and their strong solutions. A third shows the effect upon refraction of diluting a strong solution of the salt 01’ acid.The combined results of these investigations are made apparent to the eye in five diagrams containing respectively the principal obser- vations on the chlorides, the other haloyd salts, the nitrates, the sulphntes, and the acids themselves. These diagrams represent the specific refractive energy of the substance before solution, and then upon t’he addition of varying proportions of water. By far the greatest change occurs with hydrochloric acid, which rises from 0.30 to nearly 0.39 when dissolved in 1.5 times its weight of water, and to 0.40 in very dilute solutions.Many other salts and acids show a distinct, but much smaller, increase, whilc in others, again, if there be any change, it is within the limits of errors of observation. Various points of relationship between these variations and the chemical nature of the binary compounds examined are pointed out. This investigation cxplains some of the difficulties met with in the 121 original determinations of refraction equivalents, and mill be of great service in any future revision of them. The general conclusion is that when a salt or acid dissolves in water the law of permanency of specific refractive energy, notwith- standing change of physical condition, does hold good, but that in many, if not most, cases there is some circumstance which causes a slight departure from it, while with the “strong acids ” the departure is considerable. This change takes place principally in the initial stage of solution of the solid or liquid compound ;but in many cases a small further change is discernible as more and more water is added ;but this soon becomes inappreciable. This change is, in some cases, in the direction of an increased refraction, esFecially in the haloiId salts and the acids ;in other cases, especially the nitrates and salts of low refractive energy, this change is in the opposite direction.In either case the dilution effect is in the same direction as that due to solution. In a few cases, where the dispersion was capable of being estimated, the change in it was found to be proportionally greater than the change in the refi-actiox itself.The origin of this refraction change is at present obscure, but it probably arises from some gradual change in the arrangement of the atoms or molecules of the salt or acid under the influence of water ; and there are clear indications of some connection between the amount of this change and the amount of the specific refractive energy of the salts them- selves. It stands also in some relation to the phenomena of electric conducbivitg, and especially of magnetic rotattion. “75. “A comparison of some properties of acetic acid, and its chloro. and bromo-derivatives.” By S. U. Pickering, F.R.S. The propertieR which have been examined are, in the cases of acetic acid and its chloro-derivatives, the heat of fusion, heat capaci- ties both as solids and liquids, heat of dissolution, heat of dilution, and freezing points when mixed with water; the boiling points, densities, and magnetic rotations are also compared with these.In t,he case of the bromo-derivatives, the heat of dissolution of the solids alone was determined. As regards the boiling point, heat capacity of liquid, density and heat of dissolution, acetic acid appears to occupy an exceptional position when compared with its chloro-derivatives, whereas, as regards the freeziug point, magnetic rotation, and heat of dilut<ion, the alternate members of the series show a close relationship with each other. Monochlorauetic acid was found to exist in four distinct crystalline modifications, differing from each other in their melting points by about 5’.Any of these modifications can be obtained at will, either 122 from the liquid acid 01-from mixtures of it Kith water. The most stable form (the a) possesses a heat of fusion, and, hence, a heat of dissolution, when solid, about 500 cal. greater (negatively) than that of the p-modification ; and from the fact that the heat absorbed on dissolution appears to be exceptionally large when compared with that absorbed by the other chlorinated acids, it is probable t,hat these are in rz form comparable with one of the less stable modifica- tions of chloracetic acid. A similar exceptional position is occupied by monobromacetic acid amongst its congeners, but all attcmpts to obtain other modifications of this acid failed.76. "BB-Dinaphthyl and its quinones." By F. D. Chattaway, B.A. Although several substances of the composition C,,H,,, differing considerably in melting point and physioal propert'ies, have been prepared, the constitution of only one of these, aa-dinaphthyl, is known. The present paper contains an account of the synthesis of PP-di-naphthyl, of its quinones, and of some closely-related derivatives, #?-Dinaphthyl is obtained by the action of sodium on P-chloro-naphthalene dissolved in boiling xylene in presenoe of a small quantity of ethyl acetate. It is also produced when zing dust acts on P-diazonaphthalene sulphate dissolved in alcohol. It crystallises well and completely from benxzne or xylene in large, colourless plates, having a slight blue fluorescence.It is easily soluble in boiling benzene, xylene, and glacial acetic acid, much less soluble in alcohol. It sublimes readily, but is not volatile with steam. It melts at 183.5' and boils at 452" under a pressnre of 753 mm. Its molecular weight, determined by the depression of the freezing point of a benzene solution, agrees very closely with the calculated number. When dissolved in glacial acetic acid and oxidised by chromic acid, one or other of two quinones can be obtained, according to the condi- tions under which the oxidation is performed. If the oxidation be effected rapidly in boiling glacial acetic acid, a quinone is produced in almost theoretical quantities, whose composition and molecular weight agree with the formula C20H1202.This is an orange-yellow substance, melting at 177" and crystallising in very small needles, generally aggregated into rosettes.It is easily soluble in alcohol, ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid, and benzene. It yields a colourless hydroquinone on reduction, and dissolves easily in cold concentrated sulphuric acid with a very characteristic, indigo-blue colour. Its appearance and behavioiir lead to the conclusion that it is a para- quinone analogous to a-naphthoqninono (1 ,4),having the constitu- tion C14H50*C10H7~0(1 .2.4). 123 When this quinone is hcated with u solution of potassium hydroxide, one of its hydrogen atoms is displaced, the hydrogen liberated reducing the quinone, C20H1202+ KOH = C20Hl,(OH)20K.If this action takes place in presence of air, the two hydroxyl groups are at once oxidised, the potassium derivative, C20Hl102(OK),of a hydroxy- quinone being formed, from which a hydroxyquinone is set free on addition of an acid. It is a light red, crystalline powder, which melts at about 186-187’, readily soluble in alcohol, benzene, glacial acetic acid, and ethyl acetate, and its composition and molecular weight show that it is derived from the quinone by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group. This compound, when dis- solved in a hot solution of potassium hydroxide and oxidised by a fiolution of potassium permanganate, yields phthalic acid, carbon dioxide, and P-uaphthoic acid.This seems to show that the quinone is really /3-naphthyl naphtho- quinone, C,oH5.0*CloH,*0(1.2.4),the replacement of hydrogen by hydroxyl and the breaking down of the itiolecule taking place as follows. 0 \/V0 ,“COOH II \/\COOrr The second quinone, C2oHloO4, is produced in small qumtity if a, considerable excess of chromic acid is used in the oxidation and if the action is prolonged. It can easily be separated from P-naphthyl-naphthoqninone by its slight solubility in alcohol. It is probably formed by the further oxidation of tho naphthyl naphthoquinone, as it is always accompanied by more or less of that substance and by tarry decomposition products. The quinone, CzoHloO4, is a light brown, somewhat earthy-looking powder, the particles having no definite crystalline shape.It is moderately soluble in boiling glacial acetic acid and benzene, slightly in hot alcohol. It melts at about 226-211”, and gives a deep orange colour with cold concentrated sulphuric acid. It behaves very much like the simpler quinone, its behaviour being modified apparently by its containing two naphthoquinone groups instead of one. When heated with a solution of potassium hydroxide, it is dissolved, forming a dipotassium derivative, the liberated hydrogen, as before, reducing the quinone, C20HloO*+ 2KOH = C,oH8(Of€),(OL<),. In presence 124 of air, the hydroxyl groups are oxidised, and, on addition of an acid, a dihydroxydiquinone, of the composition C20H,Oi( OH)?, is thrown down.This forms a dark red, almost black, powder, which gives a red streak on unglazed porcelain. It melts neai- 215', and is easily soluble in glacial acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and alcohol. When dis- solred in a boilicg solution of potassium hydroxide and oxidised by a, solution of potassium permanganate, it yields apparently only phthalic acid and carbon dioxide, which makes it probable that the quinnne is /3p-di-a-naphthoquinone,C10HJ02-C10H502(1.2 . 4.1 .2 .4), the actions being represented as follom-s. 0 0 0 77. 'IAction of benzaldehyde on phenylsemicmbazide." By GeorgeYoung, Ph.D. When alcoholic solutions of benzaldehyde and phenylscmicarbazide are evaporated to dryness, reaction occurs according to the equation, C,H,N,O + C7H60+ 0 = CI~HllNBO+ 2H20.The yield is much increased by adding an oxidisiiig agent such as ferric chloride. The product, which has slight basic and decided acid properties, is a C,jH,*T--NHdiphenyloxytriazol, C,H5 C=N>CO* The silver salt, C,,HlON3OAg + H20, and the hydrochloride, C14H,,N,0HC1+ 2H20have been prepared ; the latter is dissociated by water. The acetyl derivative, C,,H,,N,O{C?H,O) (in. p. 133O) is prepared by the action of acetic anhydride and sodium acetate. The ekhylic ether, C,1HloN30(C2H3)(in. p. 92') is prepared by the action of ethyl iodide on the silver salt or by heating diphenyloxytriazol wit,h pot.Lissiuni hydroxide, ethyl iodide, and ethyl alcohol for an haul* in a sealed tubc at 100'. The diplienyloxytriazol is reduced to diphenyltriazoI, a weak base, C6H5*~">CH, (m.p. 91') by heating with phosphorus pentasulphide C,H,* C:N to 230---250", for six hours ; its hydrochloride, C1lH,lNBHCl+ 2H2C), and its platinichloride, (Cl~H,,N3HCI)2PtC14 + 4H,O, are both dis- sociated by water. The latter on being heated to 180" loses besides its water of crystallisation 4 molecular proportions of hydrochloric acid. 125 78. “Note on the latent heat of fusion.” By N. F. Deerr. If, in Mr. Crompton’s relation (Trans., 145, 240), Aw/Tv = C, I/S where S is the specific heat, he substituted for A, we obtain w/STv = C, and when the ralency is constant, w/ST = C. In order that this relation may hare a definite meaning, zu/S must be temperature, or: symbolically, zu/S = T‘.Then w = ST’, which, since w is quantity of heat, as is also ST‘, is zt true relation. For the quautit,y wjS I would pi-opose the term “ temperature equivalent of latent heat of fusion,” so that MY. Crompton’s relation may be expressed :-‘‘ When the valency of any series of elements is the same, the temperature equivalent oE the latent heat of fusion bears a constant ratio to the absolute tempera- ture of the melting point.” Denoting the temperature equivalent of the latent heat of fusion by Tf, and temperature of the melting point by T, the table below includes values of TiTf for all the elements for which 20 is known ; it will appear that there are exceptions to the rule, but that in the majority of cases the agreement is most striking.Monads. Elements. Tf- T. T/Tf. Sodium.......... 111 365 3-32 Pot as sium ....... 94 335 3.57 Silver. .......... 377 1220 3.25 Thallium ........ 167 565 3.55 Bromine ......... 151 266 1.76 Iodine .......... 217 386 1-78 Between the metallic elenients considered separately, and also between the non-metallic elements, there is a remarkable agreement ; it would not, however, be expected that there would be a law con-necting elements with such widely varying properties as, say, bromine and sodium ; it is, however, worthy of notice that the value of T/Tf for bromine and iodine is very nearly half that for the metallic monad elements.Dyads. Elements. Tf* T. T/Tdf. Zinc ............ 299 695 2.32 Cadmium ........ 252 601 2.38 Mercury ........ 90.5 233 2.58 Palladium. ...... 625 1700 2.72 Platinum ........ 875 2050 2.34 Lead.. .......... 174 603 3-47 Tin.. ........... 253 503 1.913 126 had and tin are talien as dyads ; with the csception of the clisagreemcnt shown by these elements, the valucs of Y'/'l'j are quitc satisfactory. Ti.itrt1s. Elements. Tf. T. Ti'If. Gallium. ........ 238 286 1.20 Phosphorus ...... 25 317 12.05 Bismuth ........ 434 535 1 -25 Gold ............ 510 1328 2 60 The agreement between gallium and bismuth is aat'isfactory, and gold, although evidently triad, is better included with platinum and palladium: of the abnormal value of phosphorus I can give no esplanation ; it will be remembered, however, that in hfr.Crompton's relation the reciprocal of the valency was taken. Tdrnds. Elements. Ty. T. T/T$ 5715 385 6.70 Aluminium. ...... 133 870 6.55 Sulphur is taken as a tetrad, as it appears in the dioxide; the close agreement between sulphur and aluminium, perhaps, justifying this. 79. ''Acid compounds of some natural yellow colouring-matters, Part I," By A. G. Perkin and L.Pate. In a previous communication by one of us in conjunction with J. J. Hummel (Bey., 15,2337) an account was given of some peculiar mid compounds formed by the action of mineral acids upon haema- teiii and brazilein, the colouring nisttera of logwood and brazil-wood. In continuation of this work the behaviour of acids towards 1-arious natural yellow colouring matters has been stndied, the results of which are embodied in the following table.H,SO,. HBr. HCl. HI. Quercetin .... CiSH,oOi.H2S04 1sH 10°7,H Br Rhamnazin ... C17H,407.H2S0., no aetion Rharnnet,in.. . Cl,Hl,0;H,804 >> 9,Luteolin .,,.. X.H,SO, Fisetin ...... CljH1oO,fl2904 c~,H,,,~,HB~Cl,Hl,O,HC! Morin ....... C,,H,O,H2804 C15H,,0iHBr CISHi,O;HClCatechin ..... no action no action 110 action Maceurin .... 2) 12 97 127 These compounds arc produced in hhe form o€ Iustrous orange or scarlet needles, which cannot be recryst allised without decoinposi- tion. On treatrr;ent with water they are decomposed into the original colouring matter and free acid, and a similar result occurs when the hydrochloric acid compounds are heated €or some time to 100".As is well-known the colonring matters here studied form two classes, onJy one of which combine with acids. Of these, fisetin and maceurin may be taken as types. A third class also exists in which are included gentisein, the colouring mahter of gentian root (Tambor , Tn,mcg. Dissert., Lei'sig, 1894) and dntiscetin, which is obbained from Dntisca cannabina (Schunck and Marchlewaki, Annalen, 277, 261). 80. "Action of sulphur on a-nitronaphthalene." By A.Herzfelder, Ph.D When a-nitronaphthalene is heated at about 270" with 25 per cent. of sulphur, vigorous interaction takes place, sulphur dioxide being evolved, whilst a black solid mass remains.From this solid an amorphous green substance was isolated which has the formula, CIOHGS,and the molecular weight 158. It dissolves in the same solvents as sulphur, and melts at 155O, with decomposition. It possesses none of the pieoperties of a mercaptan, and gives, on treat- ment with bromine, ad-dibromonaphthalene. Its formula is most H H proposed for it. The p~oducts of bromiiiation, nitration, aid sulphonation, have been examined. List oj Yeyiodicals in the Circulatiibg Library. The following periodicals may be borrowed by Fellows under the usual regulations. Single parts may not be retained more than a week :-American Chemical Journal. 10 vols. Baltimore, Ind., 1879 + . American Journal of Science.3rd Series. Vol. XXVlI. 1884+ Analyst. 13 vols. 1876+ . Annalen (Liebig's). 282 vols. 1832+ . Supplements 1, 1861 ; 2, 1862-63 ; 3,1864-65 ; 4,1865-66 ; 5, 1867 ; 6, 1868; 7: 1870; 8, 1872. Register 1-164, 1874j 165-220, 1885. 128 Annalen der Physik und Clicmie. Hernusgegeben von Julius C. Poggendorff. :30 vols. Berlin 1$24-33. K:veite Reihe. 30 vole. 1834-43. 1Dritt.e Reihe. 30 vols. 1844-53. Viertc lieihe. 30 vols. 1854-63. E’unfte Reihe. 30 vols. 1864-73. Sechste Reihe. 10 vols. 1874-77. Neue Polge. 52 vols. 1877f . Ergiinznngs-Baride : Bd. I, 1843; 11, 1848; 111, 1853 ; IV, 1854 ; T-, 1871 ; VI, 1874; VII, 1876 ; VIII, 1878. Jubclband 1874. Nnrnen Register zu Bcl. 1-150, und Sach-Register zu Bd. 121-150. Leipzig 1875.Beiblatter zu den Annslen der Phjsik und Chemie. Hcrausge-geben unter Mitwirkuvg befreundeter Physiker von J. C. Poggen-dorff. 1.7 vols. Leigzig 18’78+ . Annales de Chimic et de Physique. 3ine S6rie. 69 vola. Paris 1841-6.3. Tables des mntieres. I-XXX, 1851. XXXI-LXIX, 1866. 4me S6rie. 30 rols. Paris 1864-73. Tables des mati6res. 1874. 5me Serie. 30 vols. Paris 1874-83. Tables des matieres. 1885. 6me SBrie. Vols. I--XSX. Paris 1893f . Annales Agrononiiqnes. Vols. I-VIII, 1875-S2. X-XX. Paris 1884. Berichte der Deutschcn Chcmischen Gesellschaft. 26 vols. Berlin 1868 + . Biedermann’s Centralblatt fur Agrikulturchemie und rat ionellcn Landwirthschafts-Betrieb. 10 vols. Leipzig 1884 f C hemicnl News (The). Vols. I-XIV, XVII, XVIII, xx,LI, LVIII- .Chemisches Centralblatt. 3 Folge. Vols. XVI-XIX. 1885-88. 4 Folge. 6 vols. 1889 + . Leipzig. Comptes-Rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l’Acad6mie des Sciences. Vol. LXXXVI. Paris 1878 + . Gazzetta Chimica Italiana. Vols. XVII, XIX. Palermo 1887+ Jahrbuch (Neues) fur Mineralogie. 20 vols. Stutt,gart 1885+ Beilage Band. IV. 1886+ Repertorium. 1885. Register. I-VI. 1891. Jahresberichte iiber die Fortschritte der reinen, pharmaceutischen und technischen Chemis, Physik, Mineralogie und Geologie. 39 vols. Giessen 1849+ . Register. 1847-56. 1vol. Giessen 1857. 1857-66,. 1vol. Giessen 1868. 1867-76. 1vol. Giessen 1880. Journal of the Chemical Society. 12 ~01s. 1847-60. 47 vols. 1866+ Proceedings. 1885+ . Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie. 5me Ekrie.Tome 9. Paris 18&4+ . Journal of the Society of Chemical Iudustry. 8 vols. London 1882+ . Monatshefte fur Chemie und vermnndtc Thcile anderer Wissen- schaftcn. Vol. TTI. Wien 1887-i-. Pharmaceutical Journal. 1st Series. 3-01. I-XIII. 1841-54. 2nd Series. Vol. VII-XI. 1865-70. 3rd Series. Vol. VII. 1874+ b Photographic News. 1 vol. London 1894+ . Polytechnisches Journal. (Dingler). Vol. CLXXI-CCXXX, 1864-78 ; Vol. CCLILI, 1884f . Proceedings of the Eoyal Societr. Vol. VII. 1854+ . Recueil des Travaux Chiiniques des Pays-Bas. Vols. I, IV-XII. Leide 1882+ . R6pertoire de Chimie Pure. Par Adolf Wurtz. 4vols. Paris 1858-62. R6pertoire de Chimie Appliquke. Par Chas. Barreswil. 5 vols.Paris 1858-63. Continued as :-Bulletin de la Soci&ti! Chimique de Paris. 1st S6rie. 1863 2nd S6rie. 50 vols. 1864-88. 3rd S6rie. Paris 1889 + Table, 1858-74. Paris 1876. 1875-88. Paris 1894. Zeitschrift fur Analjtische Chemie. 23 vols. Weisbaden 1862+ . Register. 1-10. Weis- baden 1872. 11-12 Weisbaden 1882. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Chemie. 1vol. 1893+ Zeitschrift fur Anorganische Chemie. 3 vols. 1892+ . Zeitschrift f iir Krystallographie und Mineralogie. 11 vols. Leipzig 18S5+ . Register. 1-10, 1886. 11-20. 1893. Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie. 11 vols. 1387+ . Zeitschrift Fur Physiolcgische Chemie. Vol. IX. 1885. Vol. XII. 1888f . Register. 5-S. 1888. 9-16. 189i3. Zeitschrift fur Rubenzu~lier-Industrie.10 vols. Berlin 1884, . 130 ADnITIONS TO THE LIBRARY, I. Donatioiis. Californian State hriniiig Bnreau. The Cyanide Process. Its practical application and economical results. By Dr. A. Scheidel, E.M. 8vo. Pp. 140. Sacramento 1894. From the Author. Smithsonian Geographical Tables. Prepared by R. S. Woodward. 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The elementary nature of Chlorine. Papers by Humphry Davy (1809-1818). 8vo. Pp. 78. Edinburgh and London 1834. Organic Chemistry, Pmt 11. By W. H. Perkiii, jun., Ph.D., F.R.S. and F. S. Kipping, PhD., D.Sc. (Lond.). 8vo. Pp. vi+ 295-552. London and Edinburgh 1895. Die neueren Arzneimittel fur dpoiheker, Aerzte und Drogisten ; bearbeitet von Dr. Bcrn!iard B’ischer. Fiinfte, stark rerrnehrte Auflage. 8vo. Pp. viii+341. Berlin 1893.Calcareous Cements : their Nature and Uses, with some observa-tions upon Cement Testing. By Gilbert R. Redgrare. With 30 diagrams. Pp. xvi +238. 8v0. London 1895. Painters’ Colours, Oils, and Varnishes : a practical manual. By George H. Hurst, F.C.S., with numerous illustrations. Svo, Pp. xi +461. London 1892. Die Destillation unter vermindertem Druck im Laboratorium von Dr. R. Anschiitz unter Mitwirkung von Dr. H. hitter. Zaeite neu bearbeitete Auflnge. 81-0. Pp. ir. +86. Bonn lF95. 132 NOTICE. In accordance with notice given at the Ordinary Meeting on June 6th, an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Society will be held on Thursday, June 2Oth, at b P.M., to consider the follow- ing change in the Bye-laws proposed by the Council :-In Bye-law 1 to strike out the last paragraph, beginning “The life composition fee,” and to insert the following :-“ The life composition fee shall be Thirty Pounds, excepting that Fellows who have paid ten annual subscriptions shall pay as life Composition fee Twenty Pounds; Fellows who have paid fifteen annual subscriptions shall pay Fifteen Pounds ; Fellows who have paid twenty annual subscriptions shall pay Twelve Pounds ; and FellrJws who have paid twenty-five annual subscriptions shall pay ten pounds.” The business of the Ordinary Meeting will be taken as soon as that of the General Meeting has been completed.There will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following papers will be read :-‘‘ On Lintner’s isomaltose.” By Horace T.Brown, F.R.S., and G. H. Morris, Ph.D. “ Transformation of ammonium cyanate into urea.” By Professor Walker, D.Sc., and J. 3’. Hamley. “ Some derivatives of humulene.” By A. C. Chapman. ‘’Note on thio-derivatives of sulphanilic acid.” By Miss Walter, ‘‘ The chlorination of orthochlorotoluene.” By W. P. Wynne, D.Sc., and A. Greaves. “The six dichlorotoluenes.” By W. P. Wynne, ID.Sc., aud A. Greaves. ‘(The disulphonic acids of toluene and of ortho- and para-chloro- toluene.” By W. P. Wynne, D.Rc., and J. Bruce. ‘‘ Ethereal salts of ethanetetracarboxylic acici.” By Professor Walker, L).Sc., and J. R. Appleyard. ‘6 On helium.” By Professor Ramsay, F.R.S. ‘‘ A method for preparing forniyl derivatives of aromatic amines.” By H.It. Hirst and J. B. Cohen, Ph.D. (‘A modification of Zincke’s reaction.” By H. R. Hurst and J. B. Cohen, Ph.D. “A new method of preparing cyanuric acid.” By W. H. Arch-deacon, B.Sc., and J. B. Cohen, Ph.D. CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B,-The names of thoso who sign from “ General Knowledg~ ’’ are printed in italics. The following Candidatcs will be balloted for cn Thursday, June 20th, 1895:-Croysdale, John, The Grange, Whitley Bridge, R.S.O. Chemist in the laboratory of Sulphuric Acid and Artificial Manure Works of Messrs. Croysdale and Son, Whitley Bridge, near Ponte-fract. Kducated at Wakefield Gramrnar School. Pupil for thrce years in the laboratory of Mr.Fairley, of Leeds. Two to three years in charge of laboratory at works. Thomas E’airley. Jas. Baynes. B. A. Uurrell. Wyndham R.Dimstan. Geo. Ward. Sydney J. Hawis. Bernard Dyer. Lones, Joseph, Lansdowne, South Road, Smethwick. Analytical Chemist. 1have served five years in a private laboratory, and gone through tl, three years’ scientific training at Mason College, Birmingham. Taught Iron and Steel Metallurgy under the Smethwick Technical School, and am a, Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. William A. Tilden. W, W. J. Nicol. Percy 1’. Frankland. C. %’. Baker. D. R.Boyd. Walter G. McMillttn. Morison, James, 7, O’Connell Street, Sydney, N.S. W. Analytical Chemist. Three years Assistant with Messrs. McCowan and Biggart, Public Analysts, G-reenock ; studied two years at G.and W. of Scotland Technical College, Glasgow, under Professors Uittmar, Henderson, ad E. J. Mills ; became Assistant to Professor Mills, D.Sc., F.R.S. ; and now Chemist with the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (Limited), Sydney, N.S.W. Edmund J. Mills. James Robsoii. Thomas Gray. G. G. Henderson. Aug. Schloesser.’ Read, Edwin James, 2, Leigh Terrace, Ampthill Road, Bedfoi-d. Analyst. B.A., Honours, Nat ural Science T’ripos, Cambridgc. A Student of Chemistry for three years at the Cambridge University and Sidney Sussex College Laboratories, and since then engaged as Assistant to Dr. Muter, South London Central Public Laboratory. John Muter. L. de Koningh. H, J. I€. Fenton. Robert Steele.A. J. Gj-eenazuay. Simons, Albert Joseph, Elmhurst, New Barnet, Herts. Analytical Chemist to Messrs. Thos. Tyrer and Co., Stirling Works, Stratford. Has studied Practical Chemistry under Professor Attfield for two years; has attended a full course of lectures on Inorganic, Physical, and Organic Chemistry under Professor Dun- stan ; has studied for 12 months in the Research Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical Society the principal methods used in Chemical Investigat.ions, and has assisted in an enquiry on the Nitro-com- pounds of the Paraffiu Series ; has held for three and a half years the appoint,ment of Chemist to Messrs. Tyrer and Co., of Stratford. Thos. Tyrer. Wyndham R. Dunstan. John Attfield. Chas. Umney. John C. Umney. Proposed by the Council under Bye-law I (3), Potter, Arthur E., M.A. (Camb.),B.Sc.(Lond.), Rangoon, Burmah. Inspector of Schools, Western Circle, Burmnh, Science Scholar and Science Prizeinan, Christ College, Cambridge. Hoiiours in Natural Science Tripos. Honours in Chemistry at Intermediate B.Sc., London. Associate of the Porkshire College, Leeds. T. E. Thorpe. HAEHISON AND SONS, PIlINTERS IN OlIDIhART TO HER 11AJE;TT; ST.NAETIS’S LAXE.