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Expression of emotional–motivational connotations with a one-word utterance

 

作者: Lea Leinonen,   Tapio Hiltunen,   Ilkka Linnankoski,   Maija-Liisa Laakso,  

 

期刊: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America  (AIP Available online 1997)
卷期: Volume 102, issue 3  

页码: 1853-1863

 

ISSN:0001-4966

 

年代: 1997

 

DOI:10.1121/1.420109

 

出版商: Acoustical Society of America

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

The expression of “naming,” “commanding,” “angry,” “frightened,” “pleading,” “astonished,” “satisfied,” “admiring,” “scornful,” and “sad” was studied with the word [saara] spoken by 12 subjects. Using the same connotations, the 120 utterances were categorized by 73 listeners. Most samples were agreed on by 50%–99% of the judges. Most samples of “astonished,” “angry,” “frightened,” and “commanding” were judged as intended, while “pleading” was often confused with “sad,” and “content” with “admiring.” Acoustic differences between the categories were examined forF0,duration, and sound pressure; spectral features of [aa] were visualized with the self-organizing map of Kohonen. Most intraspeaker variation of meanF0,F0range, sound pressure, and duration took place during the [aa] segment. Peak sound pressure, meanF0,and spectral energy distribution of [aa] differentiated among “commanding,” “angry,” “frightened,” “naming,” and “sad.” Specific intonations of the [aa]segment were encountered for “astonished,” “scornful,” and “pleading.” The best-conveyed “admiring” samples were distinguished from “content” by spectral cues for a breathy voice quality.

 

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