Nine benzene derivatives substituted with at least one long alkyl chain in common and with various terminally hydroxylated groups have been prepared. Thermotropic meso-phases were observed in seven compounds and the hydrogen bonding of the alcoholic OH groups seems to be responsible for this behavior of novel one-ring mesogens. The X-ray diffraction patterns are consistent with a common structural model involving bimolecular layers of hydrogen bonding network separated by fully interdigitated alkyl chains.