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Four Clinical Types of Panic Disorders

 

作者: Tatsuo Takeuchi,   Masahiko Hasegawa,   Masatoshi Ikeda,   Ryosuke Hayashi,   Gakujin Tomiyama,   Toyomi Nemoto,   Keiko Hoshino,  

 

期刊: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences  (WILEY Available online 1992)
卷期: Volume 46, issue 1  

页码: 37-44

 

ISSN:1323-1316

 

年代: 1992

 

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1992.tb00817.x

 

出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

 

关键词: panic disorder;anxiety disorder;depressive disorder;classification;panic attack;anticipatory anxiety;agoraphobia

 

数据来源: WILEY

 

摘要:

Abstract:The authors attempted to classify panic disorders into four types according to a clinical course and accompanying neurotic or depressive symptoms. The characteristics of each type are as follows; type I: a single panic attack is the only symptom, type11: only panic attacks occur frequently without any accompanying neurotic or depressive symptoms, type III: a recurrence of panic attacks and the gradual development of neurotic symptoms, such as anticipatory anxiety, generalized anxiety, agoraphobia, or hypo‐chondriasis, type IV: depressive symptoms develop in the course of recurring panic attacks. Type IV is further divided into three subtypes. Type IV‐1: depressive symptoms develop secondary to panic attacks and major depression later coexists with panic disorder. Type IV‐2: panic disorder continuously changed into major depression. Type IV‐3: panic attacks and depressive symptoms are seen independently. The most common types are type III and type IV‐1, and seem to be a core group of the panic disorder. Typical cases of each type are presented and underlying psychopathology is

 

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