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Regulatory peptides and physiological adaptations to the cold environment in Antarctic teleosts

 

作者: BiancaMaria Uva,   Mauro Vallarino,   Grazia Tagliafierro,   Mario Pestarino,   Carla Falugi,   Alberta Mandich,   MariaAngela Masini,   Maddalena Sturla,   Paola Prato,   Simona Candiani,   Silvana Filosa,   Chiara Campanella,   Chiara Motta,   Silvana Fusco,  

 

期刊: Italian Journal of Zoology  (Taylor Available online 2000)
卷期: Volume 67, issue sup1  

页码: 57-65

 

ISSN:1125-0003

 

年代: 2000

 

DOI:10.1080/11250000009356357

 

出版商: Taylor & Francis Group

 

关键词: Antarctic teleosts;Osmoregulation;Regulatory peptides;Brain;Intestine;Reproduction

 

数据来源: Taylor

 

摘要:

Physiological adaptation of Antarctic teleosts to cold environment was studied with regard to the presence of regulatory peptides involved in (i) cardiac and ion‐water homeostasis, (ii) brain, (iii) intestine, and (iv) gonads. Immunoreactivity for different regions of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide was detected in the heart ofTrematomus bernacchii, Chionodraco hamatus, Cryodraco antarcticus,andChampsocephalus gunnari,while immunoreactivity for other regulatory peptides (i.e., endothelin‐1, somatostatin‐14, and galanin) appeared to be widely distributed in the cardio‐vascular system. Osmoregulatory peptides (somatostatin‐14, prolactin, atrial natriuretic peptide, galanin, and urotensin II) were localised by immunohistochemistry in the urinary bladder and gills. From studies on the distribution of the pituitary specific transcription factor 1 and adenohypophysial hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, and gonadotropin releasing hormone) in the brain and pituitary ofTrematomus bernacchiiandPagothenia coriiceps,it was evident that the pituitary specific transcription factor 1 acts as a developmental regulator of the anterior pituitary, responsible for growth hormone and prolactin cell commitment, differentiation, and gene expression. This coexistence appeared to be a unique trait of Antarctic teleosts. Analyses of the distribution and localisation of gastrointestinal hormones and neuropeptides (insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, and peptide histidine isoleucine) in adults ofChionodraco hamatus, Pagetopsis mascropterus,andNotothenia coriiceps,and larvae ofPleuragramma antarcticumshowed that most of the immunoreactive nerve fibres in Notothenioids are of extrinsic type. Ultrastructural analysis ofChionodraco hamatus, Champsocephalus gunnari,andNotothenia coriicepsmale gametes showed some peculiar aspects in the head of the spermatozoa. Studies on the spermatogenesis indicated a shifted circannual cycle in the icefishes and in the red blooded fishes: when spermato‐genensis is completed in the icefish, in the red blooded teleosts the testis is not in reproductive activity as shown by the positive immunoreaction for Fibroblast Growth Factor and its receptor 1 in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells ofChionodraco hamatusand the lack of positivity inTrematomus bernacchii.

 

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