Abstract—This study examined the role of arterial baroreceptors in mediating the relationship between changes in the mean level and the amplitude of slow oscillations of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during environmental stress. In 7 sham-operated (control) and 7 chronically (2 weeks before study) sinoaortic baroreceptor denervated (SAD) conscious rats, arterial pressure (AP) and RSNA were simultaneously recorded during two 15-minute periods, before and during the application of a mild environmental stressor (jet of air). Air-jet stress induced a similar degree of sympathoexcitation in both groups of rats. During stress in control rats, AP and RSNA spectral power in the mid-frequency (MF) range (0.27 to 0.74 Hz) increased, mainly as a consequence of an amplification of strongly coherent oscillations of ≈0.4 Hz frequency. In SAD rats, MF fluctuations of AP and RSNA were reduced but not abolished before stress, tended to increase during stress, and were linearly related under both experimental conditions. However, in the MF range, there was no well-defined oscillation at any specific frequency. At the peak coherence frequency (≈0.4 Hz), the gain of the transfer function from RSNA to AP did not change during stress in control rats and was similar to that measured in SAD rats, indicating that it mainly reflected the properties of the feedforward effect of RSNA on AP (ie, vascular reactivity). In summary, the parallelism between stress-induced changes in the mean level of RSNA and the amplitude of slow RSNA oscillations requires the functional integrity of the baroreceptor reflex, which is consistent with the hypothesis that slow AP and RSNA rhythms are resonant oscillations within the baroreceptor reflex loop.