ABSTRACTScutellospora dipurpurescens, sp. nov.(Endogonaceae) was discovered in several unmanaged pastures and a partially reclaimed surface coal mine in West Virginia. Spores are yellow to greenish-yellow with four walls. An outer finely laminate wall and a second hyaline membranous wall form the outer wall group. The inner wall group consists of a semi-rigid hyaline unit wall and an innermost hyaline amorphous wall. Both inner walls stain in Melzer's solution, a diagnostic feature of this species. The inner unit wall stains light pinkish-purple and the inner amorphous wall stains reddish to dark purple. This fungus forms mycorrhizae with arbuscules but not vesicles in fescue, sudangrass, and red clover grown in pot culture.