Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been intriguing health care professionals for years. It is a disease of the cardiac muscle characterized by hypertrophy with or without loft ventricular outflow tract obstruction. It affects people of all ages and is commonly associated with sudden death. The clinical presentation and treatment of HCM varies widely with the individual and therefore offers the cardiovascular nurse a unique challenge. This article assists the nurse in providing caro to these patients by reviewing the cause and prognosis, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, surgical and medical therapy, and the nursing caro following surgical intervention for HCM.