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Field Release and Evaluation ofArchytas marmoratus(Diptera: Tachinidae) Against Larvae ofHeliothis zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Whorl Stage Corn

 

作者: H. R. Gross,  

 

期刊: Environmental Entomology  (OUP Available online 1990)
卷期: Volume 19, issue 4  

页码: 1122-1129

 

ISSN:0046-225X

 

年代: 1990

 

DOI:10.1093/ee/19.4.1122

 

出版商: Oxford University Press

 

关键词: Insecta;Heliothis zea;Archytas marmoratus;biological control

 

数据来源: OUP

 

摘要:

Laboratory-reared adults of the tachinid parasitoid,Archytas marmoratusTownsend, were released and evaluated against larvae ofHeliothis zea(Boddie) in whorl stage corn during 1986–1988. Resulting rates of parasitism byA. marmoratusonH. zealarvae occurring at 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 per row-m were 58.3, 44.2, and 52.8%, respectively, when about 340 females/ha were released, and 45.9, 38.2, and 32.1%, respectively, when about 170 females/ha were released. In both studies, no significant differences (P>0.05) in rates of parasitism were found between host densities. The number ofH. zealarvae parasitized byA. marmoratusincreased linearly over the range of host densities studied. This suggests that per capita mortality is density-independent and, therefore, should not increase or decrease as host density is varied within the range of early season populations.A. marmoratusfemales appeared to disperse predominately into the prevailing wind. Rates ofA. marmoratusparasitism were significantly higher (P<0.05) on fourth and fifth instars than on third instars. Approximately 370 and 860 femaleA. marmoratus/ha would be needed to yield 50 and 80% parasitism of fourth and fifth instars ofH. zea, respectively, in 9–14-leaf stage dent corn. Data suggest thatA. marmoratusfemales are highly efficient in finding larvae ofH. zeain whorl stage corn, and that rates of parasitism observed in the relatively small release areas are likely far lower than could be expected from sustained releases throughout large corn ecosystems wherein the effects of predominately unilateral movement from release areas would be minimized. With the development of economical methods of mass propagation,A. marmoratuslikely could play a major role in the safe, efficient, and selective management of the early season populations ofH. zeain whorl stage corn.

 

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