A discussion is given of our present knowledge of the vegetational and climatic development in Denmark during the late-glacial period. The stratigraphic, microfloristic, and pollenanalytic evidence of climatic changes in the late-glacial period is discussed at length, and it is pointed out that the methods of pollen analysis must be adapted to the particular conditions prevailing in late-glacial time. The remarkable and rich late-glacial mammalian fauna is referred to, and the »steppc element» of the fauna and flora is discussed.