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Bubblelike scatterer monolayers at solid–fluid interfaces: Effects on reflectivity

 

作者: I. Tolstoy,  

 

期刊: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America  (AIP Available online 1990)
卷期: Volume 87, issue 6  

页码: 2459-2466

 

ISSN:0001-4966

 

年代: 1990

 

DOI:10.1121/1.399092

 

出版商: Acoustical Society of America

 

关键词: SOLID−FLUID INTERFACES;MONOLAYERS;BUBBLES;SCATTERING;SOUND WAVES;MONOPOLES

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

Air‐filled bubbles and bubblelike scatterers (balloons, very thin shells, and cavities in rubberlike layers) of radiusa, in a liquid of sound velocityc, satisfy the compactness conditionka<1 at frequencies ω=kcin the neighborhood of their resonant ‘‘bubble’’ frequency ω0. One can therefore describe the scatter from a monolayer of such scatterers at an interface between two media using the generalized smoothed‐boundary theory developed by this writer elsewhere [I. Tolstoy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.75, 1–22 (1984);79, 666–672 (1986)] in which the scatterers are replaced by distributions of monopoles and dipoles. For bubblelike scatterers, and for ω≂ω0, the monopole contributions outweigh the dipole contributions by many orders of magnitude; there is then a layer of monopoles whose effective scattering cross sections near resonance are between 1012(bubbles in water) and 106(cavities in rubber) times that of a small hard sphere of the same radius. Such monolayers lead to major changes of reflectivity—which can be calculated rather simply, using plane distributions of scatterers, e.g., a square lattice of basislon a hard wall, with or without taking into account monopole interaction through multiple scatter.Ineithercase, the models predict the existence ofklvalues at which the wall/fluid interface becomes anechoic at or close to ω=ω0. Numerical examples are given for air‐filled cavities in rubberlike materials next to a perfectly hard wall. In practice, anechoic conditions are approximated for a narrow band of frequencies ωA±Δω, ωA≂ω0, and Δω/ωA≂10−2for soft rubber (FJ95) and ≂5×10−2for harder rubbers [FJ65: using constants given by Gaunaurdetal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am.65, 573–594 (1979)]. For given ωA, the effect is, in practice, less sensitive to spacingkl(departures of ±25% from the exact value are tolerable). Simple theoretical considerations suggest that similar anechoic conditions will be achieved for elastic plates with the same cavity distributions in an interfacial rubber layer. A constant ambient pressure is implicitly assumed throughout (horizontal interfaces and monolayers).

 

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